model 3 reducing & exceeding prices Practice Questions Answers Test with Solutions & More Shortcuts

percentage PRACTICE TEST [11 - EXERCISES]

model 1 simple percentage questions

model 2 net increase or decrease in %

model 3 reducing & exceeding prices

model 4 x & y comparison

model 5 income & expenditure

model 6 consumption & remaining

model 7 marks scored in examinations

Model 8 population based

model 9 voters & election

model 10 percentage with allegations & mixture

model 11 percentage with ratios

percentage Important Formulas, Rules, Concepts & Shortcuts

Question : 1 [SSC Constable 2012]|||

A number, on subtracting 15 from it, reduces to its 80%. What is 40% of the number?

a) 75

b) 30

c) 90

d) 60

Shortcut »

Answer: (b)

If the number be x, then

x – 15 = ${4x}/5$

5x – 75 = 4x ⇒ x = 75

40% of 75 = ${75 × 40}/100 = 30$

Question : 2 [SSC CGL Tier-II 2015]|||

A reduction of 20% in the price of sugar enables a purchaser to obtain 8 kg more for Rs.160. Then the price per kg before reduction was

a) Rs.5

b) Rs.10

c) Rs.4

d) Rs.6

Shortcut »

Answer: (a)

Let the original price of sugar be Rs. x per kg.

Reduced price = Rs. ${80x}/100 = Rs.{4x}/5$ per kg.

According to the question,

$160/{{4x}/5} - 160/x$ = 8

${40 × 5}/x - 160/x = 8$

$200/x - 160/x = 8$

$40/x = 8 ⇒ 8x = 40 ⇒ x = 40/8 = 5$ per kg.

Reduced Price = ${4x}/5 = {4 × 5}/5$ = Rs. 4 per kg

Using Rule 31,

Reduced price per kg. = ${21 × 160}/{100 × 8}$ = Rs. 4

Question : 3 [SSC CGL Tier-I 2015]|||

The price of an item was increased by 10%. This reduced the monthly total sales by 20%. The overall effect on the value of monthly sales is a

a) 10% increase

b) 12% increase

c) 12% decrease

d) 10% decrease

Shortcut »

Answer: (c)

Required percentage change

= $(10 - 20 + {10 × (-20)}/100)$%

= –12% Negative sign shows decrease.

Using Rule 4,

If a number is increased by a% and then it is decreased by b%, then resultant change in percentage will be $(a - b - {ab}/100)$% (Negative for decrease, Positive for increase)

Required percentage = $(10 - 20 - {10 × 20}/100)$

= (–10 – 2) = 12% decrease.

Question : 4

The salary of a person is reduced by 20%. To restore the previous salary, his present salary is to be increased by

a) 20%

b) 17.5%

c) 22.5%

d) 25%

Shortcut »

Answer: (d)

Required percentage increase = $x/{100 - x} × 100$

= $(20/{100 - 20}) × 100 = 20/80 × 100 = 25%$

Question : 5

Due to a price hike of 20%, 4 kg. less sugar is available for Rs. 120. What is the initial price per kg of sugar ?

a) Rs.5 per kg.

b) Rs.6 per kg.

c) Rs.5.5 per kg.

d) Rs.4 per kg.

Shortcut »

Answer: (a)

Original price of sugar = Rs. x/kg. (let)

New price = Rs.${120x}/100$ per kg.

= Rs.${6x}/5$ per kg.

According to the question,

$120/x - 120/{{6x}/5} = 4$

$120/x - {120 × 5}/{6x}$ = 4

$120/x - 100/x$ = 4

$30/x - 25/x$ = 1

$5/x$ = 1 ⇒ x = Rs.5 per kg.

IMPORTANT quantitative aptitude EXERCISES

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