Critical Reasoning section 4 MCQ Practice Questions Answers Test with Solutions & More Shortcuts

Question : 16

The theory of games is suggested to some extent by parlour games such as chess and bridge. Friedman illustrates two distinct features of these games. First in a parlour game played for money, if one wins the other (others )loses (lose), Second, these games are games involving a strategy. In a a game of chess, while choosing what action is to be taken a player tries to guess how his/her opponent will react to the various actions he or she might take. In contrast, the card pastime, 'patience ' or 'solitaire' is played only against chance. Which one of the following can best be described as a 'game?"

a) The team of Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary climbing Mt. Everest for the first time in human history.

b) A decisive war between the armed forces of India and Pakistan over Kashmir.

c) A national level essay writing competition.

d) Oil Exporter's Union deciding on world oil prices, completely disregarding the countries which have at most minimal oil production.

Question : 17

In a recent report, the gross enrolment ratios at the primary level, that is the number of children enrolled in classes one to five as a proportion of all children aged 6 to 10, were shown to be very high for most states; in many cased they were way above 100 percent. These figures are not worth anything, since they are based on the official enrolment data complied from school records. They might as well stand for 'gross exaggeration ratios'. Which one of the following options best supports the claim that the ratios are exaggerated?

a) The definition of gross enrolment ratio does not exclude, in its numerator, children below 6 years or above 10 years enrolled in classes one to five .

b) A study estimated that close to 22 children enrolled in the class one records were below 6 years of age and still to start going to school.

c) A school attendance study found that many children enrolled in the school records were no meeting a minimum attendance requirement of 80 percent.

d) Demographic surveys show shifts in the population profile which indicate that the number of children in the age group 6 to 10 years is declining.

Question : 18

Choose the option that best captures the essence of the text given below : Try before you buy We use this memorable saying to urge you to experience the consequences of an alternative before you choose it, whenever this is feasible . If you are considering buying a van after having always owned sedans, rent one for a week or borrow a friend's. By experiencing the consequences first hand, they become more meaningful. In addition, you are likely to identify consequences you had not even thought of before. May be you will discover that it is difficult to park the van in your small parking space at work, but that, on the other hand , your elderly father has a much easier time getting in and out of it A. If you are planning to buy a van after being used to sedans, borrow a van or rent it and try it before deciding to buy it. Then you may realize that parking a van is difficult while it is easier for your elderly father to get in and out of it. B. Before choosing an alternative, experience its consequences if feasible. If, for example, you want to change from sedans to a van, try one before buying it. You will discover aspects you may never have thought of. C. Always try before you buy anything. You are bound to discover many consequences. One of the consequences of going in for a van is that it is more difficult to park than sedans at the office car park. D. We urge you to try products such as vans before buying them. Then you can experience consequences you have not thought of such as parking problems. But your father may find vans more comfortable than cars.

a) A

b) C

c) B

d) D

Question : 19

Chewing tobacco has many benefits. However, the primary benefits occur in the area of mental health. The habit originates in a search for contentment. The life expectancy of our people has increased greatly in recent years; it is possible that the relaxation and contentment and enjoyment produced by tobacco chewing has lengthened many lives. Hence, chewing tobacco is beneficial. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the above conclusion?

a) The evidence cited in the statement covers only one example of the effects of tobacco chewing.

b) There is as yet no statistical evidence to prove a link between chewing and longevity.

c) The government earns millions of rupees from the sales of chewing tobacco.

d) None of these.

Question : 20

In a famous experiment at the IISC campus, when a cat smelled milk, it salivated. In the experiment, a bell was rung whenever food was placed near the cat. After a number of trials, only the bell was rung, whereupon the cat would salivate even though no food was present. Such behaviour has been observed in other animals such as dogs, monkeys, etc. and is a vital input for training domesticated animals. Which of the following conclusions may be drawn from the above experiment?

a) The ringing of a bell was associated with food in the mind of the cat.

b) A conclusion cannot be reached on the basis of one experiment.

c) Cats and other animals can be easily tricked.

d) Two stimuli are stronger than one.