model 4 sold & brought Section-Wise Topic Notes With Detailed Explanation And Example Questions

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The following question based on profit & loss topic of quantitative aptitude

Questions : A man buys 12 articles for Rs.12 and sells them at the rate of Rs.1.25 per article. His gain percentage is :

(a) 25%

(b) 15%

(c) 20%

(d) 18%

The correct answers to the above question in:

Answer: (a)

Using Rule 1,

If S.P > C.P. then there will be profit

Profit = S.P. - C.P.

Profit% = ${\text"Profit" × 100}/{\text"C.P."}$

C.P. = 12; S.P. = 12 × 1.25 = 15

Total Profit = 15 - 12 = 3

% gain = $3/12 × 100$ = 25%

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Question : 1

12 copies of a book were sold for Rs.1800/- thereby gaining costprice of 3 copies. The cost price of a copy is :

a) Rs.150/-

b) Rs.1200/-

c) Rs.120/-

d) Rs.1500/-

Answer: (c)

Let the cost price of 1 book be x

Cost price of 3 books = 3x

and, cost price of 12 books = 12x

Selling price of 12 books = 1800

= 12x + 3x = 15x

15x = 1800; x = $1800/15 = 120$

The cost price of each book = Rs.120

Question : 2

If I would have purchased 11 articles for Rs.10 and sold all the articles at the rate of 10 for Rs.11, the profit per cent would have been :

a) 11%

b) 21%

c) 10%

d) 100%

Answer: (b)

C.P. of an article = Rs.$10/11$

S.P. of an article = Rs.$11/10$

Profit = $11/10 - 10/11$

= ${121 - 100}/110 = Rs.21/110$

Profit % = ${{21/110} × 100}/{10/11}$

= $2100/110 × 11/10$ = 21%

Using Rule 13,
If the total cost of 'a' articles having equal cost is Rs.x
and the total selling price of 'b' articles is Rs.y,
then in the transaction gain or loss per cent is given by
$({ay - bx}/{bx})$ × 100%
Where positive value signifies 'profit'
and negative value signifies 'loss'

Here, a = 11, x = 10, b = 10, y = 11

Gain% = $({ay - bx}/{bx}) × 100%$

= $({11 × 11 - 10 × 10}/{10 × 10}) × 100%$

= $({121 - 100}/100) × 100%$ = 21%

Question : 3

A person buys some pencils at 5 for a rupee and sells them at 3 for a rupee. His gain per cent wll be :

a) 76$2/3$%

b) 56$2/3$%

c) 66$2/3$%

d) 46$2/3$%

Answer: (c)

C.P. of 5 pencils = Rs.1.

S.P. of 5 pencils = Rs.$5/3$

Gain = $5/3 - 1 = 2/3$

Gain % = ${2/3}/1 × 100 = 66{2}/3%$

Using Rule 13,

Here, a = 5, x = 1, b = 3, y = 1

Gain% = $({ay - bx}/{bx} × 100%)$

= ${5 - 3}/3 × 100% = 200/3 = 66{2}/3%$

Question : 4

Oranges are bought at rate of 7 for Rs.3. At what rate per hundred must they be sold to gain 33%?

a) Rs.60

b) Rs.58

c) Rs.56

d) Rs.57

Answer: (d)

Cost price of 1 orange = Rs.$3/7$

Cost price of 100 oranges

= $3/7 × 100 = 300/7$

100% = $300/7$

133% = $300/7 × 133/100$ = Rs.57

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