model 2 net increase or decrease in % Section-Wise Topic Notes With Detailed Explanation And Example Questions

MOST IMPORTANT quantitative aptitude - 11 EXERCISES

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The following question based on percentage topic of quantitative aptitude

Questions : The price of an edible oil is increased by 25%. To maintain the budget, Sushma reduces the consumption of this oil by 20%. The increase in expenditure due to this edible oil is:

(a) 1

(b) 3

(c) 2

(d) 0

The correct answers to the above question in:

Answer: (d)

Cost of edible oil = 100 per kg.

Consumption = 1 kg.

Again, New price = 125 per kg.

Consumption = 0.8 kg.

Expenditure = Rs.(125 × 0.8) = Rs.100

OR

Percentage effect = $(x + y + {xy}/100)%$

=$(25 - 20 - {25 × 20}/100)$% = 0%

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Read more net increase or decrease Based Quantitative Aptitude Questions and Answers

Question : 1

A number reduced by 25% becomes 225. What per cent should it be increased so that it becomes 375?

a) 30%

b) 75%

c) 35%

d) 25%

Answer: (d)

Clearly, 75% of the number = 225

Number = ${225 × 100}/75$ = 300

Again, 125% of 300 = 375

Hence, the number should be increased by 25%

Question : 2

A number is increased by 10% and then it is decreased by 10%. The net change in the number is

a) 2% decrease

b) 1% decrease

c) 1% increase

d) no increase or decrease

Answer: (b)

Using Rule 4,

Net change

= $(10 - 10 - {10 × 10}/100)%$

= –1% = 1% decrease

Question : 3

If price of a book is first decreased by 25% and then increased by 20%, the net change in the price of the book will be

a) 5% decrease

b) 5% increase

c) no change

d) 10% decrease

Answer: (d)

The net change in price

= $(-25 +20 - {25 × 20}/100)$

= (–25 + 20 – 5)% = – 10%

Negative sign shows decrease.

Question : 4

The price of an article was decreased by 10% and again reduced by 10%. By what per cent should the price have been reduced once, in order to produce the same effect as these two successive reductions ?

a) 19%

b) 25%

c) 20%

d) 15%

Answer: (a)

Using Rule 6,

If a number is first decreased by a% and then by b%, then net decrease per cent is $(-a -b + {ab}/100)$% (–ve sign for decrease)

A single equivalent reduction to reduction series of x%, y%

= $(x + y - {xy}/100)$%

=$(10 + 10 - {10 × 10}/100)$%

=(20 - 1) = 19%

Question : 5

The numerator of a fraction is increased by 20% and denominator is decreased by 20%. The value of the fraction becomes $4/5$. The original fraction is

a) $8/15$

b) $4/5$

c) $7/11$

d) $2/3$

Answer: (a)

Original fraction = $x/y$

= ${120/100x}/{y × 80/100} = 4/5$

= ${120x}/{80y} = 4/5$ ⇒ ${6x}/{4y} = 4/5$

= $x/y = 4/5 × 4/6 = 8/15$

Question : 6

A number is increased by 20% and then it is decreased by 10%. Find the net increase or decrease per cent.

a) 10% decrease

b) 8% decrease

c) 8% increase

d) 10% increase

Answer: (c)

Using Rule 4,

Net % change

= $(A + B + {AB}/100)$%

Here, A = 20%, B = – 10%

Net % change = $20 - 10 - 200/100$

= 10 – 2= 8%

+ ve sign shows increase

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