model 2 net increase or decrease in % Section-Wise Topic Notes With Detailed Explanation And Example Questions

MOST IMPORTANT quantitative aptitude - 11 EXERCISES

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The following question based on percentage topic of quantitative aptitude

Questions : The cost of an article worth Rs.100 is increased by 10% first and again increased by 10%. The total increase in rupees is

(a) 21

(b) 121

(c) 110

(d) 20

The correct answers to the above question in:

Answer: (a)

Using Rule 7,

Percentage effect = $(10 + 10 + {10 × 10}/100)$% = 21 %

Increase = Rs.21

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Read more net increase or decrease Based Quantitative Aptitude Questions and Answers

Question : 1

A number increased by 22$1/2$% gives 98. The number is

a) 18

b) 81

c) 80

d) 45

Answer: (c)

If the number be x, then $x × 245/200 = 98$

$x = {98 × 200}/245 = 80$

Question : 2

The difference between the value of the number increased by 20% and the value of the number decreased by 25% is 36. Find the number.

a) 0.8

b) 80

c) 720

d) 7.2

Answer: (b)

Let the number be x.

(20 + 25)% of x = 36

${45x}/100 = 36$

$x = {36 × 100}/45$ = 80

Question : 3

The length of a rectangle is increased by 10% and breadth decreased by 10% Then the area of the new rectangle is

a) increased by 1%

b) decreased by 10%

c) decreased by 1%

d) neither decreased nor increased

Answer: (c)

Using Rule 7,

Net effect = $(x + y + {xy}/100)%$

= $(10 - 10 - {10 × 10}/100)$% = -1%

Negative sign shows decrease.

Question : 4

If a number is increased by 25% and the resulting number is decreased by 25%. then the percentage increase or decrease finally is

a) decreased by $6{1}/4$%

b) increased by 6%

c) increased by $6{1}/4$%

d) no change

Answer: (a)

Using Rule 4,

Effective value = $(x + y +{xy}/100)$%

= $(25 - 25 - {25 × 25}/100)%$

[Here, x = 25, y = –25]

= –6.25% = $6{1}/4$% decreased

(Negative value shows decrease).

Question : 5

If the income tax is increased by 19%, the net income is reduced by 1%. The rate of income tax is

a) 4%

b) 7.2%

c) 5%

d) 6%

Answer: (c)

Let the income be Rs.x and the rate of income tax be y %

According to the question,

${xy × 1.19}/100 - {xy}/100 = (x - {xy}/100) × 1/100$

$1.19 xy - xy = x - {xy}/100$

$0.19 y = 1 - y/100$

$y/100 + 0.19y = 1 ⇒ ({1 + 19}/100) = 1$

$y = 100/20 = 5%$

Question : 6

A man spends 75% of his income. His income increases by 20% and his expenditure also increases by 10%. The percentage of increase in his savings is

a) 30%

b) 25%

c) 50%

d) 40%

Answer: (c)

Man's income = Rs.100 (let)

Expenditure = Rs.75

Savings = Rs.25

New income = ${100 × 120}/100 = Rs.120$

New expenditure = ${75 × 110}/100 = Rs.82.5$

Savings = 120 – 82.5 = Rs.37.5

Increase in savings = 37.5 – 25 = Rs.12.5

Increase per cent = $12.5/25 × 100 = 50%$

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