geomorphology & earth landforms section 1 Practice Questions Answers Test with Solutions & More Shortcuts

Answer: (b)

Emerald, together with ruby and sapphire, form the “big three” of colored stones or gems which are all metamorphic in nature. Basalt is an igneous rock.

Answer: (c)

Answer: (d)

Answer: (c)

A mushroom rock also called a rock pedestal or a pedestal rock is a naturally occurring rock whose shape, as its name implies, strikingly resembles a mushroom.

Usually found in desert areas, these rocks are formed over thousands of years when wind erosion of an isolated rocky outcrop progresses at a different rate at its bottom to that at its top.

Answer: (b)

The gravity of Earth, denoted g, refers to the acceleration that the Earth imparts to objects on or near its surface. At latitudes nearer the Equator, the inertia produced by Earth’s rotation is stronger than at polar latitudes.

This counteracts the Earth’s gravity to a small degree – up to a maximum of 0.3% at the Equator – reducing the downward acceleration of falling objects. The second major reason for the difference in gravity at different latitudes is that the Earth’s equatorial bulge (itself also caused by inertia) causes objects at the Equator to be farther from the planet’s centre than objects at the poles.

Because the force due to the gravitational attraction between two bodies (the Earth and the object being weighed) varies inversely with the square of the distance between them, an object at the Equator experiences a weaker gravitational pull than an object at the poles.