inclusive growth, sustainable development & employment section 2 Practice Questions Answers Test with Solutions & More Shortcuts

Answer: (c)

Structural unemployment occurs for a number of reasons - workers lacking the requisite job skills, change in government policy or change in technology, or they may live far from regions where jobs are available but are unable to move there or simply unwilling to work because existing wage levels are too low.

So, while jobs are available, there is a serious mismatch between what companies need and what workers can offer.

Structural unemployment exists when there are jobs available and people willing to do work, but there are not a sufficient number of people qualified to fill the vacant jobs.

Answer: (b)

Population growth in India has been slowing in recent decades from an annual growth rate of 2.5% during 971-81 to an estimated 1.3% as of 2011-16 and is projected to slow down to 1% during 2021-31 and under 0.5% during 2031-41.

A key driver of the above trend has been the steady decline in India’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) since the mid-1980s. TFR declined from 4.5 in 1984 to 2.3 in 2016 (The Total Fertility Rate is defined as the total number of children that would be born to each woman if she were to live to the end of her child-bearing years)

Replacement level fertility is usually marked at 2.1. But the required replacement level fertility for India is higher than the usual benchmark of 2.1. The reason is the skewed sex ratio, because of which a woman would have to give birth to more than 2.1 children in order for the population to replace itself.

Estimates suggest that the effective replacement level fertility after taking into account the skewed sex ratio could be around 2.15 to 2.2 for India with a sex ratio of 1.11 (Replacement level fertility is the level of fertility at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next.)

India’s TFR is projected to fall well below replacement level fertility by 2021 to 1.8 (from 2.3 in 2016). But there will be positive population growth in the next two decades due to,

1. Population momentum (it occurs because it is not only the number of children per woman that determine population growth, but also the number of women of reproductive age which is more for India.), and
2. The continued rise in life expectancy

Answer: (d)

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme was launched on October 2, 1975. to tackle malnutrition and health problems in children below 6 years of age and their mothers.

Answer: (d)

Just as diseases are identified by certain symptoms, industrial sickness can be identified by the following symptoms.

These symptoms act as leading indicators of sickness, and if immediate remedial actions are not taken, the sickness will grow to the extent that the organization will find its natural death.

Continuous reduction in

1. turnover,
2. Piling up of inventory,
3. Continuous reduction of net profit to sales ratio,
4. Short term borrowings at a high interest rate,
5. Continuous cash losses leading to erosion of tangible net worth etc.

However, the decline of market share is not an immediate indicator.

Answer: (c)

Liberalism includes a broad spectrum of political philosophies that consider individual liberty to be the most important political goal, and emphasize individual rights and equality of opportunity.

It supports a market economy and a transparent and democratic system of government. The same applies to social and religious aspects as well.