scientist, discoveries & inventions MCQ section 3 MCQ Questions & Answers Detailed Explanation

Answer: (d)

Euclid, also known as Euclid of Alexandria, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the “Father of Geometry”. He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I (323–283 BC). Euclid deduced the principles of what is now called Euclidean geometry from a small set of axioms.

Euclid also wrote works on perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, number theory and rigour. Although many of the results in Elements originated with earlier mathematicians, one of Euclid’s accomplishments was to present them in a single, logically coherent framework, making it easy to use and easy to reference, including a system of rigorous mathematical proofs that remains the basis of mathematics 23 centuries later.

Answer: (c)

The term “ecosystem” was first coined by Roy Clapham in 1930, but it was ecologist Arthur Tansley who fully defined the ecosystem concept.

In his classic article of 1935, Tansley defined ecosystems as “The whole system,… including not only the organism complex but also the whole complex of physical factors forming what we call the environment.”

Answer: (d)

The connection between electricity and magnetism was discovered by famous Danish chemist and physicist, Hans Christian Oersted in 1819. Starting about a decade after Oersted’s discovery, Michael Faraday demonstrated essentially the opposite of what Oersted had found–that a changing magnetic field induces an electric current.

He achieved an electrical current from a changing magnetic field, a phenomenon known as electromagnetic induction. Following Faraday’s work, James Clerk Maxwell developed equations, formally unifying electricity and magnetism.

So it was Maxwell who formulated the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

Answer: (d)

A sextant is a doubly reflecting navigation instrument used to determine the angle between an astronomical object and the horizon for the purposes of celestial navigation.

Common uses of the sextant include sighting the sun at solar noon or Polaris at night (in the Northern Hemisphere) to determine latitude.

Answer: (a)

Paleontology is the study of fossils and the biology of extinct organisms. It is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene Epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).

Paleontology lies on the border between biology and geology but differs from archaeology in that it excludes the study of anatomically modern humans

Answer: (c)