geomorphology & earth landforms section 1 Practice Questions Answers Test with Solutions & More Shortcuts

Answer: (a)

A geyser is a spring characterized by intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by a vapour phase (steam).

The word geyser comes from Geysir, the name of an erupting spring at Haukadalur, Iceland; that name, in turn, comes from the Icelandic verb geysa, “to gush”, the verb itself from Old Norse.

Answer: (d)

Answer: (a)

Cliffs, caves, arches, stacks are some of the landforms produced by wave erosion. Coves form where rock runs in bands horizontal to the direction of wave attack.

There is a band of resistant rock closest to the sea and a band of less resistant rock inland. The waves seek out faults in the hard rock and erode using the processes of abrasion/corrosion and hydraulic action through to the soft rock behind.

Answer: (b)

The course of a river from its source to its mouth is normally divided into 3 sections, namely upper, middle and lower courses. The action of the river on its valley from source to mouth in relation to the features developed by it is seen in the river valley profile, known as a graded profile.

Throughout the long profile of a river, deposition and erosion are balanced meaning that, given enough time, the river’s long profile would become a smooth, concave, graded profile from its source to mouth.

Answer: (c)

Geologically, a fjord is a long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created in a valley carved by glacial activity. A fjord is formed when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley by ice segregation and abrasion of the surrounding bedrock.

Glacial melting is accompanied by the rebound of Earth's crust as the ice load and eroded sediment is removed. Both the whole coast of Norway and the island of Greenland have many fjords.