ecology & bio environment geography section 1 MCQ Questions & Answers Detailed Explanation

Answer: (d)

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system.

These components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.

They are biological system in the sense that they represent recurring groups of biological communities that are found in similar physical environments and are influenced by similar dynamic ecological processes, such as fire or flooding.

Answer: (d)

The biological methods of soil conservation include contour farming, strip cropping, tillage operation, mulching, etc. Contour farming is practised in hilly regions or on the slopes.

The contours (circular or peripheral furrows) catch the downwardly moving water until it is absorbed in the soil. It reduces runoff, saves more water for crops, and reduces soil erosion.

Answer: (d)

A natural region is a basic geographic unit. Usually, it is a region that is distinguished by its common natural features of geography, geology and climate.

The surface of the Earth is divided into twelve natural regions. These regions have been categorized on the basis of surface features, climate and vegetation.

Answer: (c)

A food chain is a linear sequence of links in a food web starting from a trophic species that eats no other species in the web and ends at a trophic species that is eaten by no other species in the web.

A food chain differs from a food web because the complex polyphagous network of feeding relations are aggregated into trophic species and the chain only follows linear monophagous pathways. A common metric used to quantify food web trophic structure is food chain length. In its simplest form, the length of a chain is the number of links between a trophic consumer and the base of the web and the mean chain length of an entire web is the arithmetic average of the lengths of all chains in a food web.

Food chains were first introduced by the African-Arab scientist and philosopher Al-Jahiz in the 9th century and later popularized in a book published in 1927 by Charles Elton, which also introduced the food web concept.

Answer: (c)

Green accounting is a type of accounting that attempts to factor environmental costs into the financial results of operations.

It has been argued that gross domestic product ignores the environment and therefore decision-makers need a revised model that incorporates green accounting.

Answer: (c)

In ecology and biology, abiotic components (also known as abiotic factors) are non-living chemical and physical factors in the environment, which affect ecosystems. Abiotic phenomena underlie all of biology.

From the viewpoint of biology, abiotic factors can be classified as light or more generally radiation, temperature, water, the chemical surrounding composed of the terrestrial atmospheric gases, as well as soil.

The macroscopic climate often influences each of the above. A renewable resource is a natural resource with the ability to reproduce through biological or natural processes and replenished with the passage of time. Renewable resources are part of our natural environment and form our ecosystem.