atmosphere & climatology section 3 MCQ Questions & Answers Detailed Explanation

Answer: (b)

Doldrums are a low-pressure area around the equator after which come the trade wind whose expanse is from tropic of cancer to tropic of Capricorn.

They move in the North-East direction in the Northern hemisphere and North-East in the Southern hemisphere.

They are followed by westerlies that prevail in mid-latitude between 30 and 60 degrees latitude. As the name suggests polar winds are closer to the poles.

Answer: (a)

Answer: (a)

Answer: (d)

Answer: (a)

Answer: (a)

If the Earth didn’t rotate, winds would travel either north or south due to differences in temperature and pressure at different latitudes. But since the Earth does rotate, the Coriolis force deflects these winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

The Coriolis Effect is caused by the rotation of the Earth and the inertia of the mass experiencing the effect. Because the Earth completes only one rotation per day, the Coriolis force is quite small, and its effects generally become noticeable only for motions occurring over large distances and long periods of time, such as largescale movement of air in the atmosphere or water in the ocean.

Such motions are constrained by the surface of the earth, so only the horizontal component of the Coriolis force is generally important. This force causes moving objects on the surface of the Earth to be deflected in a clockwise sense (with respect to the direction of travel) in the northern hemisphere, and in an anti-clockwise sense in the southern hemisphere.