inclusive growth, sustainable development & employment section 3 Practice Questions Answers Test with Solutions & More Shortcuts

Answer: (a)

The UNIVAC computer was the first commercially available computer invented by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.

As well as being the first American commercial computer, the UNIVAC I was the first American computer designed at the outset for business and administrative use (i.e., for the fast execution of large numbers of relatively simple arithmetic and data transport operations, as opposed to the complex numerical calculations required by scientific computers).

As such the UNIVAC competed directly against punch-card machines (mainly made by IBM).

Answer: (d)

Rostow’s ‘Stages of Economic Growth’ (1960) presented five stages through which all countries must pass to become developed:

1. traditional society,
2. preconditions to take-off,
3. take-off,
4. drive to maturity, and
5. age of high mass consumption.

Take-off is the short period of intensive growth, in which industrialization begins to occur, and workers and institutions become concentrated around a new industry.

Answer: (d)

Employment and Unemployment Surveys (EUS) conducted by NSSO were the primary source of labour market data at the National and State levels in India. Regular EUS were conducted quinquennially (after every five years) since 1972.

Considering the importance of the availability of labour force data at more frequent intervals, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation constituted a committee on Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS).

Now, National Statistics Office (NSO) is conducting PLFS to produce annual statistics of employment and unemployment characteristics for both rural and urban areas, along with quarterly estimates for urban areas. The first annual report based on the data collected in PLFS during July 2017- June 2018 was published in May 2019.

As per the PLFS 2017-18, 6.1% of India’s labour force are unemployed.

The PLFS was designed with two major objectives for the measurement of employment and unemployment.

The first was to measure the dynamics in labour force participation and employment status in the short time interval of three months for only the urban areas.

The second was for both rural and urban areas, to measure the labour force estimates on key parameters on an annual basis such as labour force participation rate, worker population ratio etc.

Answer: (d)

"Demographic Dividend" is the dividend/benefit that a country derives because of the demographic change and it is measured in terms of additional Per Capita Income Growth.

[Ref: Economic Survey 2016-17, Vol I, Page 33]

Answer: (b)

India’s labour force is around 50 crore which includes people who are employed or not employed but actively searching for job. Working age population is more than the labour force because a lot of persons may not be part of labour force but are in working age population for example house wives or a person taking a break from his job.

Employment rate is defined as the number of people employed as a percentage of labour force.

Labour force participation rate is defined as the number of persons in the labour force as a percentage of working age population.