world organisations section 3 MCQ Questions & Answers Detailed Explanation

Answer: (d)

Patent Act and Patents Act (with their variations) are stock short titles used in Canada, India, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States for legislation relating to patents. A Patent Act is a country’s legislation that controls the use of patents, such as the Patentgesetz in Germany.

A patent is a form of intellectual property. It consists of a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention.

Under the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, patents should be available in WTO member states for any invention, in all fields of technology, and the term of protection available should be a minimum of twenty years.

In many countries, certain subject areas are excluded from patents, such as business methods and computer programs

Answer: (b)

The headquarters of the World Health Organisation are situated at Geneva.

Regional Offices: Alexandria, Brazzaville, Copenhagen, Manila, New Delhi and Washington.

Answer: (c)

The IMF works to foster global growth and economic stability. It provides policy advice and financing to members in economic difficulties and also works with developing nations to help them achieve macroeconomic stability and reduce poverty.

Its two primary functions were: to oversee the fixed exchange rate arrangements between countries, thus helping national governments manage their exchange rates and allowing these governments to prioritize economic growth, and to provide short-term capital to aid balance-of-payments.

Answer: (d)

Supachai Panitchpakdi is the Secretary-General of the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Prior to this, he was the Director-General of the World Trade Organization from September 1, 2002, to September 1, 2005.

He was succeeded by Pascal Lamy. In September 1999 he was elected to become Director-General of the World Trade Organization (WTO), sharing the post with competitor Mike Moore when a decision could not be reached. Taking the second half of the six-year term, he entered office on September 1, 2002.

In March 2005 he was appointed to become the Secretary-General of the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) following his term at the WTO, a post he took up in late 2005.

Note: The current Director-General of WTO is Roberto Azevedo of Brazil, since 1 September 2013. Headquarters of WTO: Geneva, Switzerland.

Answer: (a)

The five permanent members in the United Nations Security Council are China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America.

Answer: (d)

The International Court of Justice is the primary judicial organ of the United Nations. It is based in the Peace Palace in The Hague, the Netherlands. Its main functions are to settle legal disputes submitted to it by states and to provide advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorised international organs, agencies, and the UN General Assembly.

Established in 1945 by the UN Charter, the Court began work in 1946 as the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice. The Statute of the International Court of Justice, similar to that of its predecessor, is the main constitutional document constituting and regulating the Court.

The Court’s workload covers a wide range of judicial activity. To date, the ICJ has dealt with relatively few cases. However, since the 1980s there has been a clear increase in willingness to use the Court, especially among developing countries