Top 1000+ Basic Computer Terminologies (A-Z) Glossary Based MCQ Questions and Answer PDF For All Government & Private Entrance Exam Part-1/3#Blog-32
Feb 03, 2022, By Careericons
In this article, Learn the complete list of important A to Z Computer-related Terms & their Definitions in alphabetical order (A to Z). Also, practice with model multiple-choice questions with answer (MCQ) online test & e-PDF.
Glossary of Computer Terminologies in "Dictionary Format" is one of the most important frequently asked topics in the Computer Awareness section for various Government Exams, Bank, Insurance, SSC, RRB, UPSC, etc. Also, Get multiple choice questions (MCQ) practice online tests & live quizzes to check your knowledge.
Download individual PDFs for All Glossary of Computer Terminology with Their Meanings.
Also read, Computer Awareness Study Notes [Free PDF] - With Multiple Choice Questions With Solved Answer Key,
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Following are some more commonly used, complete Computer related Vocabulary (Word Bank) that are given in alphabetical order (A-Z) as in dictionary format, that you may have heard but do not know exactly what they mean for.
Glossary of all Computer Terms / Terminologies starting words with “A” Dictionary with Definitions for All Competitive Exams & Download PDF
List of most commonly used Computer Hardware, Software & Application related Basic Computer Terminologies / Terms based words starting with "A".
This glossary of computer science is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in computers, their sub-disciplines, and related fields, including terms relevant to data science, protocols, interface terms, programming languages, technology, input-output devices, software, network, memory, database, & servers and computer programming.
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| S.No | Terms/ Terminologies | Definitions |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Access time | The time interval between the instance at which data is called from a storage device and the instance when delivery begins. |
| 2 | Accumulator | A local storage area is called a register, in which the result of an arithmetic and logic operation is formed. |
| 3 | Active cell | It refers to the currently selected cell in a spreadsheet. It can be identified by a bold outline that surrounds the cells. |
| 4 | Active window | It is the currently focused window in the current window manager. |
| 5 | Address | Identification, represented in the form of a name, label, or number, for recognizing a particular location in the storage area. |
| 6 | Algorithm | In computing, an algorithm is a procedure for accomplishing some tasks which given an initial state, will terminate in a defined end-state. |
| 7 | Alphanumeric | It is a character set that contains letters, digits, and usually other special characters such as commas, dollar signs, plus signs, etc. A character set that contains letters, digits and other special characters such as @, $, +, *, %, etc. |
| 8 | Analog computer | A Computer that operates on data which is in the form of continuous variable physical quantities such as electrical current length, mass, temperature or pressure. A computer that operates on data which is in the form of continuous variable physical quantities. |
| 9 | Animation | It is the process of making the illusion of motion and change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of static images that minimally differs from each other. |
| 10 | Antivirus | It consists of computer programs that attempt to identify threats and eliminate computer viruses and other malicious software (malware). |
| 11 | Application | A program that performs a function directly for a user. |
| 12 | Application program | Software designed for a specific purpose such as pay calculation, processing of examination results, stores accounting and inventory control, etc. |
| 13 | Application software | It is a subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly to ask what the user wishes to perform. |
| 14 | Archive | It provides backup storage. |
| 15 | Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) | It is a part of the execution unit, a core component of all CPUs. ALUs are capable of calculating the results of a wide variety of basic arithmetical and logical computations. |
| 16 | Artificial intelligence | Fifth-generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. |
| 17 | ASCII (American standard code for information interchange) | It is a character set and a character encoding based on the Roman alphabet as used in Modern English and other Western European languages. |
| 18 | Assembler | A program that translates mnemonic statements into executable instruction. |
| 19 | Assembly language | It is a low-level programming language in which mnemonics are used to code operations and alphanumeric symbols are used for addresses. |
| 20 | Attribute | The characteristics of an entity are called its attributes. |
| 21 | Authentication | Any process by which a system verifies the identity of the user who wants to access it. |
| 22 | Auxiliary memory | It is also known as secondary memory that is not directly addressable by the CPU. |
| 23 | AVI | Audio Video Interleave is the standard audio/video format for Microsoft Windows. AVI files, which end with an AVI extension, require a special player. |
Glossary of all Computer Terms / Terminologies starting words with “B” Dictionary with Definitions for All Competitive Exams & Download PDF
List of most commonly used Computer Hardware, Software & Application related Basic Computer Terminologies / Terms based words starting with "B".
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| S.No | Terms/ Terminologies | Definitions |
|---|---|---|
| 24 | Backspace key | This key is used to delete the text. Backspace will delete the text to the left of the cursor. |
| 25 | Backup | A copy of a file or other item of data is made in case the original is lost and damaged. |
| 26 | Bandwidth | The maximum amount of data that can travel in a communication path in a given time, measured in bits per second (bps). |
| 27 | Bar Code | A coding structure in which characters are represented by means of a series of parallel bars. It is a machine-readable representation of information in a visual format on a surface. |
| 28 | Batch File | It is a text file that contains a sequence of commands for a computer operating system. |
| 29 | Binary | A number system using two unique digits. Because of a computer’s electrical nature, all operations are performed using a representation of an open or closed circuit (0 for off, and 1 for on). Therefore, computers use the binary system when calculating operations. |
| 30 | Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) | A coding system in which a 4 digit binary number represents each decimal digit from 0 to 9. Bit It is the most basic information unit used in computing and information theory. |
| 31 | BIOS | Basic Input / Output System. The program is stored in a ROM chip in the computer that provides the computer with basic code to control the computer’s hardware and perform diagnostics on it. The BIOS prepares the computer to load the operating system. |
| 32 | Blog | It is a discussion or informational site published on the world wide web. |
| 33 | Bluetooth | It permits a wireless exchange of information between computers, cell phones and other electronic devices. |
| 34 | Bomb | A type of virus designed to activate at a specific date and time on your computer. |
| 35 | Boolean | A form of algebra where all values are reduced to “true” or “false”. Boolean logic is used with computers due to its similarities with the binary numbering system. |
| 36 | Boot | Short Term of BootStrap. The term boot is generally used to describe the initial loading of an operating system or of some other program into a computer. |
| 37 | Booting | It is a bootstrapping process that starts the operating system when a computer is switched ON. Browser A special software that enables users to read/view Web pages and jump from one Web page to another. |
| 38 | Bridge | A device that supports LAN-to-LAN communications. Bridges may be equipped to provide frame relay support to the LAN devices they serve. They also handle traffic between two similar OR different LANs. |
| 39 | Broadband system | A network system in which several analogue signals share the same physical network channel. |
| 40 | Buffer |
A strong area or a device where data are temporarily stored. |
| 41 | Buffering | The process of storing data in a memory device, allows the devices to change the data rates, perform error checking and error retransmission. |
| 42 | Bug | It is an error, flaw, failure, or fault in a computer program or system that produces an incorrect or unexpected result. |
| 43 | Bus | A circuit that provides a communication path between two or more devices of a digital computer system. |
| 44 | Bus topology | A network geometric arrangement in which a single connecting line is shared by a number of nodes. |
| 45 | Byte | A byte is a unit of measure used to describe an amount of data. One byte consists of eight bits of data. Also see Megabyte, Gigabyte, Bit and File. |
Glossary of all Computer Terms / Terminologies starting words with “C” Dictionary with Definitions for All Competitive Exams & Download PDF
List of most commonly used Computer Hardware, Software & Application related Basic Computer Terminologies / Terms based words starting with "C".
Let us learn everything,
| S.No | Terms/ Terminologies | Definitions |
|---|---|---|
| 46 | Cable | The media that connects electrical components. A cable consists of a group of mutually insulated conductors usually bound or sheathed together and carrying an electrical or another type of signal. |
| 47 | Cache | The storage of instructions or data for future use. |
| 48 | CD-ROM | Compact Disk Read Only Memory is a type of optical disk capable of storing up to one gigabyte of data. Also see Byte, Megabyte, and Gigabyte. |
| 49 | Cell | A box in a spreadsheet, in which you can enter a single piece of data. |
| 50 | Central Processing Unit (CPU) | It performs the actual processing of data. The CPU is generally called by its generic name 'Processor'. It is also known as the brain of the computer. |
| 51 | Channel | A communication channel can be a physical link, such as a cable that connects two stations in a network or it can consist of some electromagnetic transmission. |
| 52 | Chatting | Typing text into a message box on a screen to engage in dialogue with one or more people via the Internet or other network. |
| 53 | Chip | A tiny wafer of silicon-containing miniature electric circuits that can store millions of bits of information. |
| 54 | Client/server | It is a network architecture that separates the client from the server. Each instance of the client software can send requests to a server or application server. |
| 55 | Cold boot | Powering a computer up from the off position. |
| 56 | Command | It is a directive to a computer program acting as an interpreter of some kind, in order to perform a specific task. |
| 57 | Communication protocol | It is a system of rules that allow two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information. |
| 58 | Compile | It is the process of converting high-level languages to machine language. |
| 59 | Compiler | It is a system software package that converts a high-level language program into a machine language. |
| 60 | Computer Graphics | These are visual presentations on a computer screen. Examples are photographs, drawings, line arts, graphs or other images. |
| 61 | Computer Network | A distributed data processing system in which multiple computers are linked together for the purpose of data communication and resource sharing. |
| 62 | Computer Worm | It is a self-replicating computer program, similar to a computer virus. |
| 63 | Control Panel | It is the part of the Windows menu, accessible from the Start menu, which allows users to view and manipulate basic system settings and controls. |
| 64 | Control Unit | The component of the CPU instructs the rest of the computer system on how to follow a program’s instructions. It directs the movement of data to and from processor memory, holds data and instructions in the ALU, and directs control signals between the CPU and external devices. |
| 65 | Cookie | A packet of information that travels between a browser and the webserver. |
| 66 | CPU (central processing unit) | The control unit and the arithmetic logic unit of a computer system are jointly known as the CPU. All calculations and comparisons are made inside the CPU and the CPU is also responsible for activating and controlling the operation of the other units of a computer system. |
| 67 | Crawler | It is an Internet bot that systematically browses the world wide web, typically for the purpose of Web indexing. It is also called a Web spider. |
| 68 | CRT (cathode-ray tube) | An electronic tube with a TV-like screen upon which information may be displayed. |
| 69 | Cryptography | The conversion of data into a secret code for transmission over a public network. |
| 70 | Cut | To remove an object from a document. |
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Glossary of all Computer Terms / Terminologies starting words with “D” Dictionary with Definitions for All Competitive Exams & Download PDF
List of most commonly used Computer Hardware, Software & Application related Basic Computer Terminologies / Terms based words starting with "D".
Let us learn everything,
| S.No | Terms/ Terminologies | Definitions |
|---|---|---|
| 71 | Data | A collection of facts in raw form that become information after prop organisation or processing. It is a collection of facts and figures which are not indirectly usable form. |
| 72 | Dataentry | Direct input of data in the appropriated at a field of a database known as data entry. |
| 73 | Data processing | Converting data into information is called data processing. |
| 74 | Data redundancy | It is a condition created within a database or data storage technology in which the same piece of data is held in two separate places. |
| 75 | Database | It is a collection of logically related information in an organised way so that it can be easily accessed, managed and updated. |
| 76 | Database management system (DBMS) | It is a collection of various programs. It provides a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data. |
| 77 | Debugging | A methodical process of finding and reducing the number of bugs or defects is known as debugging. Degree The number of fields associated with the database table or relation. |
| 78 | Decimal | A number system based on the number "1 0". This number system is used on an everyday basis. |
| 79 | Default | A value or setting that is automatically applied by a device or program. |
| 80 | Desktop | The metaphor is used to portray file systems. A desktop consists of pictures, called icons, which show files, folders and any resource available to a user in a GUI operating system. |
| 81 | Desktop Publishing Package (DTP) | It is software that combines computer and graphics manipulating capabilities to allow users to format charts and pictures with text and headlines. It combines a personal computer, page layout software and a printer to create publications on a small economic scale. |
| 82 | Device driver | It is a computer program that enables another program, typically, an operating system to interact with a hardware device. |
| 83 | Diagnostic | Serving to identify the cause of a problem, as in diagnostic software that will find out what problem a computer may be having. |
| 84 | Dial-up line | A line through which communication is established. |
| 85 | Digital | A system that is based on events or data that is not continuous, such as a binary system. |
| 86 | Digital computer | A computer that operates with numbers expressed directly as digits. |
| 87 | Digitize | To convert data to digital form. |
| 88 | Direct access | It is the capability of the computer equipment to obtain data from a storage device. |
| 89 | Directory | A type of file that organizes other files in a hierarchical structure. In computing, a directory is an entity in a file system that contains a group of files and other directories. |
| 90 | Display unit | A device with a screen that displays characters or graphics representing data in computer memory. |
| 91 | DNS | Domain Name System is an Internet Service that converts names to addresses. |
| 92 | Domain | A logical group of computers and electronic devices with common set rules and procedures administered as a unit. |
| 93 | Domain name | A unique name that identifies a particular Website and represents the name of the server where the Web pages reside. |
| 94 | DOS | Disk Operating System is a 16-bit command-line interface operating system that does not support multiple users or multitasking. |
| 95 | Dot-matrix | A type of printer that produces characters and illustrations by striking pins against an ink ribbon and print media to print closely spaced dots in certain configurations, much like a typewriter. |
| 96 | Dots per inch (DPI) | It is defined as the measure of the resolution of a printer, scanner or monitor. It refers to the number of dots in a one-inch line. |
| 97 | Download | It refers to the act of transmitting data from a remote computer on the Internet or other network to one's own computer. |
| 98 | Drag and Drop | In a computer graphical user interface, drag and drop is the action of clicking on a virtual object and dragging it to a different location or onto another virtual object. |
| 99 | DRAM | Dynamic Random Access Memory is a type of RAM that only holds its data if it is continuously accessed by special logic called a refresh circuit. |
| 100 | DVD | It is an optical disc storage media format that can be used for data storage including movies with high-quality video and sound. |
| 101 | DVD-ROM | Digital Versatile Disk Read Only Memory is an optical storage media capable of holding from 4.7 GBs to 17 GBs with faster access and transfer rates than CD-ROMs. |
| 102 | Dynamic ram | DRAM is a type of random access memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor. |
Glossary of all Computer Terms / Terminologies starting words with “E” Dictionary with Definitions for All Competitive Exams & Download PDF
List of most commonly used Computer Hardware, Software & Application related Basic Computer Terminologies / Terms based words starting with "E".
Let us learn everything,
| S.No | Terms/ Terminologies | Definitions |
|---|---|---|
| 103 | EBCDIC (extended binary coded decimal interchange code) | It is an 8-bit character encoding used on IBM mainframe operating systems, like Z/OS, S/390, AS/400 and i5/OS. |
| 104 | E-Commerce | Electronic commerce is a type of industry where buying and selling of products or services are conducted over electronic systems such as the Intranet and another computer network. |
| 105 | Editing | The process of changing information by inserting, deleting, replacing, rearranging and reformation. |
| 106 | EEPROM | Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory is a special type of PROM that can be erased by exposure to an electrical charge. |
| 107 | Electronic Data Processing (EDP) | Data processing through equipment that is predominantly electronic such as a digital computer. |
| 108 | Electronic mail | E-mail is a method of composing, sending, storing and receiving messages over electronic communication systems. |
| 109 | Encryption | In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding messages (or information) in such a way that hackers cannot read them, but the authorised users can access them. |
| 110 | End-user | Any individual who uses the information generated by a computer-based system. |
| 111 | Entity | It is something that has certain attributes or properties which may be assigned values. |
| 112 | EPROM | Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory is a special type of memory that can be erased by exposure to ultraviolet light. |
| 113 | Error message | It is the information displayed when an unexpected condition occurs usually on a computer or other device. |
| 114 | Ethernet | A LAN protocol was developed in 1976 by Xerox Corporation in cooperation with DEC and Intel. Ethernet uses a bus or star topology and supports data transfer rates of 10 Mbps. |
| 115 | Excel | It allows users to create spreadsheets much like paper ledgers that can perform automatic calculations. |
| 116 | Exe (.exe) | It is a common filename extension denoting an executable file (a program) in the DOS, MS-Windows. |
| 117 | Execution time | The total time required to execute a program on a particular system. |
| 118 | Expansion slot | It is a socket on the motherboard that is used to insert an expansion card which provides additional features to a computer. |
| 119 | Extranet | A technology that permits the users of one organisation's Intranet to enter portions of another organisation's Intranet in order to conduct business transactions or collaborate on joint projects. |
Complete Computer Awareness Section - Competitive Exams Syllabus Based Topics MCQ Test & Online Quiz with PDF:
Aspirants preparing for the upcoming competitive exam must go through the important Computer Awareness topics based on multiple choice questions & answers online test & quiz with important PDFs listed below.
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- Computer Acronyms & Abbreviation,
- Basics Of Hardware & Software,
- Input & Output Devices,
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- Software Engineering,
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- Microsoft Access,
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