Critical Reasoning section 4 MCQ Detailed Explanation And More Example

Question : 1

The theory of games is suggested to some extent by parlour games such as chess and bridge. Friedman illustrates two distinct features of these games. First in a parlour game played for money, if one wins the other (others )loses (lose), Second, these games are games involving a strategy. In a a game of chess, while choosing what action is to be taken a player tries to guess how his/her opponent will react to the various actions he or she might take. In contrast, the card pastime, 'patience ' or 'solitaire' is played only against chance. Which one of the following can best be described as a 'game?"

a) The team of Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary climbing Mt. Everest for the first time in human history.

b) A decisive war between the armed forces of India and Pakistan over Kashmir.

c) A national level essay writing competition.

d) Oil Exporter's Union deciding on world oil prices, completely disregarding the countries which have at most minimal oil production.

Question : 2

In a recent report, the gross enrolment ratios at the primary level, that is the number of children enrolled in classes one to five as a proportion of all children aged 6 to 10, were shown to be very high for most states; in many cased they were way above 100 percent. These figures are not worth anything, since they are based on the official enrolment data complied from school records. They might as well stand for 'gross exaggeration ratios'. Which one of the following options best supports the claim that the ratios are exaggerated?

a) The definition of gross enrolment ratio does not exclude, in its numerator, children below 6 years or above 10 years enrolled in classes one to five .

b) A study estimated that close to 22 children enrolled in the class one records were below 6 years of age and still to start going to school.

c) A school attendance study found that many children enrolled in the school records were no meeting a minimum attendance requirement of 80 percent.

d) Demographic surveys show shifts in the population profile which indicate that the number of children in the age group 6 to 10 years is declining.

Question : 3

Choose the option that best captures the essence of the text given below : Try before you buy We use this memorable saying to urge you to experience the consequences of an alternative before you choose it, whenever this is feasible . If you are considering buying a van after having always owned sedans, rent one for a week or borrow a friend's. By experiencing the consequences first hand, they become more meaningful. In addition, you are likely to identify consequences you had not even thought of before. May be you will discover that it is difficult to park the van in your small parking space at work, but that, on the other hand , your elderly father has a much easier time getting in and out of it A. If you are planning to buy a van after being used to sedans, borrow a van or rent it and try it before deciding to buy it. Then you may realize that parking a van is difficult while it is easier for your elderly father to get in and out of it. B. Before choosing an alternative, experience its consequences if feasible. If, for example, you want to change from sedans to a van, try one before buying it. You will discover aspects you may never have thought of. C. Always try before you buy anything. You are bound to discover many consequences. One of the consequences of going in for a van is that it is more difficult to park than sedans at the office car park. D. We urge you to try products such as vans before buying them. Then you can experience consequences you have not thought of such as parking problems. But your father may find vans more comfortable than cars.

a) A

b) C

c) B

d) D

Question : 4

Various studies have shown that our forested and hilly regions, in general, where biodiversity as reflected in the variety of flora is high, are places where poverty appears to be high. And these same areas are also the ones where educational performance seems to be poor. Therefore, it may be surmised that, even disregarding poverty status, richness in biodiversity goes hand in hand with educational backwardness. Which one of the following statements, if true, can be said to best provide supporting evidence for the surmise mentioned in the passage

a) In regions where there is little variety in flora, educational performance is seen to be as good as in regions with high variety in flora, when poverty levels are high.

b) Regions which show high biodiversity reveal high levels of poverty and poor educational performance.

c) Regions which show high biodiversity also exhibit poor educational performance, at low levels of poverty.

d) In regions where there is low biodiversity, at all levels of poverty, educational performance is seen to be good.

Question : 5

A famous singer recently won a lawsuit against an advertising firm for using another singer in a commercial to evoke the famous singer's well known rendition of a certain song. As a result of the lawsuit, advertising firms will stop using imitators in commercials. Therefore, advertising costs will rise, since famous singers' services cost more than those of their imitators. The conclusion above is based on which of the following assumptions?

a) Commercials using famous singers are usually more effective than commercials using imitators of famous singers

b) The original versions of some well-known songs are unavailable for use in commercials

c) Most people are unable to distinguish a famous singer's rendition of a song from a good imitator's rendition of the same song

d) The advertising industry will use well-known renditions of songs in commercials

Question : 6

The purpose of the proposed law requiring a doctor's prescription for obtaining hypodermic needles is to lower the incidence of drug-related deaths, both accidental and intentional, involving hypodermic needles. But even knitting needles can be lethal if they fall into the wrong hands; yet everyone would agree that imposing legal restrictions on obtaining knitting needles would be preposterous. Hence the proposed law involving hypodermic makes no sense and should not be enacted. Which of the following, it true, would provide most support for the argument above?

a) Knitting needles have been known to cause injury and death.

b) The proposed law would not deter the sort of activity known to result in drug-related deaths.

c) The benefits of hypodermic needles outweigh those of knitting needles.

d) Knitting needles are not readily available to anybody who wants to obtain them.