IBPS PO Prelims 3 oct 2020 - Category wise Question and Answer Practice Test with Solutions & PDF

Directions:

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the these.

If you're concerned that automation and articial intelligence are going to disrupt the economy over the next decade, join the club. But while policymakers and academics agree there'll be signicant disruption, they differ about its impact. On one hand techno pessimists argue that new forms of automation will displace most jobs without creating new ones In other words most of us will the job losses and generate many new human tasks that complement AI. Researchers have been studying jobs that involve digital skills for years to try to understand their merit. But what does it really mean for a job or skill to be "digital"?

In earlier research, all it meant was that a worker used a computer. Since nearly all workers use a PC today, we need a more refined denition of digital skills that takes into account how much a job depends on doing things like programming, crunching data in Excel spreadsheets and even using a smartphone.

In a particular research, a new way was created to measure digital or information technology skills in the labour market based on how frequently they're used in an occupation. For example, how much time does a nancial adviser spend analyzing data or an event planner use a computer? It was found that workers in occupations that rank higher in IT industry earn more than demographically similar peers in other occupations – and that this earnings gap has been growing. Not only that, but it was also found something interesting on the impact of a college degree on the lifetime earnings of a person in IT industry. Historically, workers with a college degree have earned a lot more than peers without one. Even the level of the college makes a difference. Recent research has shown that this so-called college premium has been attening. The main cause, according to the analysis, is that the college premium for occupations requiring fewer digital skills has been declining, while it has been rising for those we identied as digital jobs such as software developers, programmers and aerospace engineering. At least some of the attening in the college premium is due to the increasing number of bachelor's degrees that convey few skills that are valued in the marketplace.

Another research compares the measures of job quality – such as a sense of purpose, enjoyability and career advancement – with income, occupations and a range of demographic characteristics. It found that jobs that require greater interaction with technology tended to score higher in quality, particularly in terms of measures like career advancement.

The fact that these jobs not only pay more but also provide greater levels of employee satisfaction and engagement paints a more optimistic picture about the future of work. And that gives hope, particularly since the digital economy is growing at a pace nearly four times faster than the broader economy.

The key is making tomorrow's jobs "robot-proof" by designing them in a way that takes advantage of the digital skills described above. And universities must play a big role in this by identifying what a good job looks like and ensuring future generations learn the necessary skills.