ecology forest vegetations & national parks in india section 5 MCQ Questions & Answers Detailed Explanation

Answer: (b)

Ten of the eighteen biosphere reserves of India are a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme list.

Some of them are:

1. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (Uttarakhand),
2. Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve (Tamil Nadu) and
3. Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve (West Bengal).

Answer: (b)

The Keoladeo National Park or Keoladeo Ghana National Park is formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India is a famous avifauna sanctuary that plays host to thousands of birds, especially during the winter season. Over 230 species of birds are known to have made the National Park their home.

The Sanctuary is one of the richest bird areas in the world. It is known for nesting its resident birds and visiting migratory birds including water birds. The rare Siberian cranes used to winter in this park but this central population of Siberian Cranes is now extinct.

Answer: (c)

Project Tiger is a tiger conservation programme launched in 1973 by the Government of India. The aim of the project was to control as well as supplement the dwindling population of the Royal Bengal tigers in the country. Project Tiger is administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority.

Answer: (b)

Sundarbans is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world. The Sunderbans is a UNESCO World Heritage Site covering parts of Bangladesh and India.

This region is densely covered by mangrove forests and is one of the largest reserves for the Bengal tiger. The Sundarbans is intersected by a complex network of tidal waterways, mudflats and small islands of salt-tolerant mangrove forests.

The mangrove-dominated Ganges Delta – the Sundarbans – is a complex ecosystem comprising one of the three largest single tracts of mangrove forests of the world. Situated mostly in Bangladesh, a small portion of it lies in India.

Answer: (c)

The Forest area (% of land area) in India was last reported at 23.02 per cent in 2010, according to a World Bank report published in 2012.

Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems (for example, in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems) and trees in urban parks and gardens.

Answer: (c)

The Chipko movement or Chipko Andolan is a movement that practised the Gandhian methods of satyagraha and non-violent resistance, through the act of hugging trees to protect them from being felled.

The modern Chipko movement started in the early 1970s in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand, then in Uttar Pradesh with growing awareness towards rapid deforestation.

The Chipko movement though primarily a livelihood movement rather than a forest conservation movement went on to become a rallying point for many future environmentalists, environmental protests and movements the world over and created a precedent for non-violent protest.