atmosphere & climatology section 7 MCQ Questions & Answers Detailed Explanation

Answer: (a)

1. A cirque is an amphitheatre-like valley head, formed at the head of a valley glacier by erosion.
2. Yardang is a keel-shaped crest or ridge of rock, formed by the action of the wind usually parallel to the prevailing wind direction.
3. Barkhan is a crescent-shaped shifting sand dune convex on the windward side and steeper and concave on the leeward. It is an erosional feature of wind.
4. Drumlin is a long, narrow or oval, smoothly rounded hill of unstratified glacial drift. Drumlins are generally found in broad lowland regions, with their long axes roughly parallel to the path of glacial flow.

Answer: (b)

High Clouds : 6000 to 12000 meters above the sea level.

Answer: (c)

Underground water may also be connected to surface water through wetlands. Groundwater can flow into--or out of wetlands (springs or flowthrough wetlands) which may in turn flow into lakes and streams.

Answer: (d)

• Troposphere: This is the lowest atmospheric layer and is about seven miles (11 km) thick. Most clouds and weather are found in the troposphere.
• Stratosphere: The stratosphere is found from about 7 to 30 miles (11-48 kilometres) above the Earth’s surface. In this region of the atmosphere is the ozone layer found.
• Mesosphere: The mesosphere is above the stratosphere. Here the atmosphere is very rarefied, that is, thin, and the temperature is decreasing with altitude.
• Thermosphere: The thermosphere starts at about 55 kilometres. The temperature is quite hot.
• Exosphere: The exosphere is the region beyond the thermosphere.
• Ionosphere: The ionosphere overlaps the other atmospheric layers, from above the Earth. The air is ionized by the Sun’s ultraviolet light.

Answer: (d)

The ozone layer is a layer in Earth’s atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone (O₃). This layer absorbs 97-99% of the sun’s high-frequency ultraviolet light, which is potentially damaging to life on earth.

Over 90% of the ozone in the earth’s atmosphere is present here. It is mainly located in the lower portion of the stratosphere from approximately 15 km to 35 km above Earth’s surface, though the thickness varies seasonally and geographically.

Answer: (c)