atmosphere & climatology section 4 MCQ Questions & Answers Detailed Explanation

Answer: (d)

Frontal rainfall is a type of precipitation that occurs when a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet. Extra-tropical cyclones form as waves along weather fronts before occluding later in their life cycle as cold-core cyclones.

Cyclogenesis is the development or strengthening of cyclonic circulation in the atmosphere (a low-pressure area).

Answer: (a)

The idea is to optimize fuel burn reason is the low air density that reduces parasitic drag on the airframe. It also allows them to stay above any hard weather (extreme turbulence).

Airflow in the stratosphere is much lesser turbulent than in the troposphere and this is the reason that jet aircraft like to cruise at stratospheric altitudes for, the flight is less “bumpy.” So statement 2 is correct. The majority of clouds form in the Earth’s troposphere, but there are occasions where clouds in the stratosphere and mesosphere are formed and have been observed.

Statement 1 which says that there are no clouds or water vapour in the lower stratosphere, is not a correct statement, to the extent that it does not explain the flight of jets in the lower stratosphere.

Answer: (d)

Answer: (c)

The equatorial regions are known for convectional rainfall that occurs due to the thermal convection currents caused due to the heating of ground due to insolation

. In these, the warm air rises up and expands then, reaches a cooler layer and saturates, then condenses mainly in the form of cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds.

The equatorial regions receive convectional rainfall almost on a daily basis. The rainfall is of very short duration but in the form of heavy showers.

Answer: (b)

Sirocco is a local Mediterranean wind that comes from Sahara and can achieve Hurricane speed in North Africa and Europe. Its Arabic name is Quibli.

Answer: (b)

Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O₂), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen).

The atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O2 to create ozone (O₃).

The ozone molecule is unstable and when ultraviolet light hits ozone it splits into a molecule of O₂ and an individual atom of oxygen, a continuing process called the ozone-oxygen cycle.

Chemically, this can be described as,

O₂ + v_uv→ 2O

O + O₂ ↔ O₃