scientist, discoveries & inventions MCQ section 3 MCQ Questions & Answers Detailed Explanation

Answer: (c)

Nicolaus Copernicus discovered the Solar System. He was the first astronomer who formulated a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology in his book "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium" (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), which displaced the Earth from the center of the universe.

Answer: (a)

A planimeter, also known as a platometer, is a measuring instrument used to determine the area of an arbitrary two-dimensional shape. They were once common, but have now largely been replaced by digital tools. The Swiss mathematician Jakob AmslerLaffon built the first modern planimeter in 1854.

Answer: (b)

Selman Waksman was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1952 “for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis.” He was called “one of the greatest benefactors to mankind,” as the result of the discovery of streptomycin. Waksman was a Russian-born, Jewish-American inventor, biochemist and microbiologist.

Answer: (d)

Euclid, also known as Euclid of Alexandria, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the “Father of Geometry”.

He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I (323–283 BC). Euclid deduced the principles of what is now called Euclidean geometry from a small set of axioms. Euclid also wrote works on perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, number theory and rigour.

Although many of the results in Elements originated with earlier mathematicians, one of Euclid’s accomplishments was to present them in a single, logically coherent framework, making it easy to use and easy to reference, including a system of rigorous mathematical proofs that remains the basis of mathematics 23 centuries later.

Answer: (c)

A photometer is an instrument that can be used for absorption, emission or fluorescence measurement with ultraviolet, visible or infrared radiation. It has filters for wavelength selection and a photoelectric device for measuring radiation (Detection and Analysis by E. N. Ramsden).

Answer: (c)

Joseph Aspdin, a British bricklayer from Leeds, is considered to be the originator of Portland cement. A process for the manufacture of Portland cement was patented in 1824.

This cement was an artificial cement similar in properties to the material known as "Roman cement.” Aspdin's process was similar to a process patented in 1822 and used since 1811 by James Frost who called his cement "British Cement".