Practice Ecology environment forest vegetations parks - indian geography mcq Online Quiz (set-2) For All Competitive Exams

Forest area (% of land area) in India was last measured at 23.07% in 2011, according to the World Bank.

Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems.

Kaziranga National Park is situated in Assam. It was declared World Heritage Site in 1985.

The Keibul Lamjao National Park is a national park in the Bishnupur district of Manipur. It is an integral part of Loktak Lake.

Ranthambore National Park near Sawai Madhopur in Rajasthan is a former royal hunting ground and home to tigers. Similarly, Sariska Tiger Reserve is an Indian national park in the Alwar district of Rajasthan that is known for the Bengal tiger.

Dachigam National Park is located 22 kilometres from Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Dachigam National park is located among the high mountains of the mighty western Himalayas.

The main animal species that Dachigam is most famous for is the Hangul or the Kashmir Stag which is listed as critically endangered by IUCN as the population is counted as 160 mature individuals in the 2008 census.

This deer lives in groups of two to 18 individuals in dense riverine forests, high valleys, and mountains of the Kashmir valley and northern Chamba in Himachal Pradesh. In Kashmir, it’s found in Dachigam National Park at elevations of 3,035 meters.

Namdhapa National Park is the largest protected area in the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot and is located in Arunachal Pradesh in Northeast India. It is also the largest national park in India in terms of area.

It is located in the Eastern Himalayan sub-region and is recognized as one of the richest areas in biodiversity in India. The park harbours the northernmost lowland evergreen rainforests in the world at 27°N latitude.

82°30’ E has been taken as the standard meridian in India.

A national park is a park in use for conservation purposes. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns. Although individual nations designate their own national parks differently, there is a common idea: the conservation of ‘wild nature’ for posterity and as a symbol of national pride.

The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.

• Simlipal National Park is a national park and an elephant reserve situated in the Mayurbhanj district in the Indian state of Orissa. Simlipal National Park derives its name from the abundance of Semul or red silk cotton trees that bloom vividly.
• Dehong Deband biosphere reserve is present in Arunachal Pradesh,
• Norkek biosphere reserve is present in Meghalaya and
• Kanchenjunga biosphere reserve is situated in Sikkim.

The marine National Park is located in Gulf of Kutch.

Ten of the eighteen biosphere reserves of India are a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme list.

Some of them are:

1. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (Uttarakhand),
2. Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve (Tamil Nadu) and
3. Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve (West Bengal).

Nilgiri mountains are a range of mountains with at least 24 peaks above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), in the westernmost part of Tamil Nadu state at the junction of Karnataka and Kerala states in Southern India.

They are part of the larger Western Ghats mountain chain making up the southwestern edge of the Deccan Plateau. Eucalyptus is common. Much of the Nilgiris natural Montane grasslands and shrublands interspersed with sholas has been much disturbed or destroyed by extensive tea plantations, easy motor vehicle access and extensive commercial planting and harvesting of non-native eucalyptus and wattle plantations.

Periyar (Kerala), Kanha (M.P.), Sariska (Rajasthan), Dachigam (J.K.) is the correct sequence from south to north.

The Gir Forest National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary s the sole home of the pure Asiatic Lions (Panthera leo persica) and is considered to be one of the most important protected areas in Asia due to its supported species.

The April 2010 census recorded the lion count in Gir at 411, an increase of 52 compared to 2005. The lion breeding programme covering the park and the surrounding area has bred about 180 lions in captivity since its inception.

The Sundarbans is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world. The Sundarbans Mangroves eco-region on the coast forms the seaward fringe of the delta and is the world’s largest mangrove ecosystem, with 20,400 square kilometres.

The dominant mangrove species Heritiera fomes is locally known as sundri or sundari. Mangrove forests are not home to a great variety of plants.

The typical natural vegetation above 3600 metres on the Himalayas is Alpine grassland. Important trees are silver fur, Pine birch etc.

Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no forest. Many governments and non-governmental organizations directly engage in programs of afforestation to create forests, increase carbon capture and sequestration, and help to anthropogenically improve biodiversity.

Jim Corbett National Park is the oldest national park in India. The park—named for the hunter and conservationist Jim Corbett who played a key role in its establishment—was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park.