Practice Critical reasoning - verbal reasoning Online Quiz (set-1) For All Competitive Exams
Directions:
Read the following information and five statements given below it carefully and answer the questions which follow:
Since 2008, migration to urban areas in search of employement has increased several times, surpassing marriage as the biggest reason for migration in India.
- The wages and employment opportunities in rural parts of India have been at part with those in urban areas for last five years.
- The government and foreign MNCs have concentrated on development of job opportunities only in urban parts of the country.
- Marriage was once the biggest reason for migration in India.
- More skilled professionals than manual laborers migrate to urban area in search of employment.
- The urban areas attracting migrants are already facing and will further face a severe challenge accommodating increased population while the resources need to do so remain the same.
Q-1) Which of the statements numbered (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) mentioned above can be a reason/cause for increased migration to urban areas?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Directions:
Read the following information and five statements given below it carefully and answer the questions which follow:
Since 2008, migration to urban areas in search of employement has increased several times, surpassing marriage as the biggest reason for migration in India.
- The wages and employment opportunities in rural parts of India have been at part with those in urban areas for last five years.
- The government and foreign MNCs have concentrated on development of job opportunities only in urban parts of the country.
- Marriage was once the biggest reason for migration in India.
- More skilled professionals than manual laborers migrate to urban area in search of employment.
- The urban areas attracting migrants are already facing and will further face a severe challenge accommodating increased population while the resources need to do so remain the same.
Q-2) Which of the following represents a result repercussion of the increased migration to urban areas?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Directions:
Attempt these questions based on the information given against each.
Q-3) Choose the option that best captures the essence of the text given below : Physically, inertia is a feeling that you just can't move; mentally, it is a sluggish mind. Even if you try to be sensitive, if your mind is sluggish, you just don't feel anything intensely. You may even see a tragedy enacted in front of your eyes and not be able to respond meaningfully. You may see one person exploiting another, one group persecuting another, and not be able to get angry. Your energy is frozen. You are not deliberately refusing to act; you just don't have the capacity. A. Inertia makes your body and mind sluggish. They become insensitive to tragedies, exploitation, and persecution because it freezes your energy and decapacitates it. B. When you have inertia you don't act although you see one person exploiting another or one group persecuting another. You don't get angry because you are incapable. C. Inertia is of two types – physical and mental. Physical inertia restricts bodily movements. Mental inertia prevents mental response to events enacted in front of your eyes. D. Physical inertia stops your body from moving; mental inertia freezes your energy, and stop your mind from responding meaningfully to events, even tragedies, in front of you.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(c) is the correct choice because according to the passage having inertia means we are incapable of doing anything. Eventhough we may see one person exploiting another, or a group persecuting another.
Directions:
Attempt these questions based on the information given against each.
Q-4) Choose the option that best captures the essence of the text given below : Try before you buy We use this memorable saying to urge you to experience the consequences of an alternative before you choose it, whenever this is feasible . If you are considering buying a van after having always owned sedans, rent one for a week or borrow a friend's. By experiencing the consequences first hand, they become more meaningful. In addition, you are likely to identify consequences you had not even thought of before. May be you will discover that it is difficult to park the van in your small parking space at work, but that, on the other hand , your elderly father has a much easier time getting in and out of it A. If you are planning to buy a van after being used to sedans, borrow a van or rent it and try it before deciding to buy it. Then you may realize that parking a van is difficult while it is easier for your elderly father to get in and out of it. B. Before choosing an alternative, experience its consequences if feasible. If, for example, you want to change from sedans to a van, try one before buying it. You will discover aspects you may never have thought of. C. Always try before you buy anything. You are bound to discover many consequences. One of the consequences of going in for a van is that it is more difficult to park than sedans at the office car park. D. We urge you to try products such as vans before buying them. Then you can experience consequences you have not thought of such as parking problems. But your father may find vans more comfortable than cars.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(c) is the only option as the passage clearly means to say that one should experience the consequences before choosing an alternative as then they become more meaningful. Also one can discover aspects one may not have ever thought of. Other options are more specifically about the van, whereas the point of the passage is to make a general statement about trying alternatives with van as an example.
Directions:
Read the following information and the sentences (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) given below it carefully and answer the questions which follow:
A host of foreign companies are in talks with the Indian governement for selling B150, a tough, a short-haul plane ideal for connectivity of smaller towns which is lacking in India at present.
- B150 planes have not only low operating costs than competing planes like Cezana but also a much better track record in terms of saftey and efficiency.
- The profit margin of road transport operators in the smal ler towns connected by B150 planes has been reduced substantially as a majority of people prefer air transport over other means of transport.
- Smaller towns, at present, are better connected by roads and railways as compared to flight services.
- B150 planes are capable of operating I sectors where large airlines cannot fly due to challenging conditions such as mist, short runways, etc. Such planes can also double up as cargo planes and charter flights for the rich and the elite.
- B150 planes need to operate in the existing airports which are situated in bigger cities only and are poorly connected to the smaller cities.
Q-5) Which of the statements (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) mentioned above would weaken the offer made by the foreign companies for selling B150 planes to Indian government?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
If the instructure does not exist, the deal will be a wastage of money.
Directions:
Read the following information carefully and answer the given questions:
Despite repeated announcements that mobile phones were allowed in the examination hall, three students were caught with their mobile phones.
- Mobile phones nowadays have a lot of features and it is very easy to cheat with their help.
- The invigilator must immediateluy confiscate the mobile phones and ask the students to leave the exam hall immediately.
- Mobile phones are very expensive and leaving them in bags outside the exam hall is not safe.
- There have been incidents where students who left the exam hall early stole the mobile phones kept in the bags of the students who were writing the exam.
- The school authorities must ask the students to leave their phones in the custody of the inviliator before the exam in order to avoid thefts of mobile phones.
- None of the other students were carrying their exam hall.
Q-6) Which of the following among (A), (B), (D) and (F) can be an immediate course of action for the invigilator?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
This is the only choice where "the invigilator" is the subject of the sentence.
Directions:
Read the following information carefully and answer the given questions:
Despite repeated announcements that mobile phones were allowed in the examination hall, three students were caught with their mobile phones.
- Mobile phones nowadays have a lot of features and it is very easy to cheat with their help.
- The invigilator must immediateluy confiscate the mobile phones and ask the students to leave the exam hall immediately.
- Mobile phones are very expensive and leaving them in bags outside the exam hall is not safe.
- There have been incidents where students who left the exam hall early stole the mobile phones kept in the bags of the students who were writing the exam.
- The school authorities must ask the students to leave their phones in the custody of the inviliator before the exam in order to avoid thefts of mobile phones.
- None of the other students were carrying their exam hall.
Q-7) Which of the following among (A), (B), (E) and (F) may be the reason behind the school making such announcements before the exam?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
The announcement is measure taken to stop cheating in exams.
Directions:
Read the following information and the sentences (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) given below it carefully and answer the questions which follow:
A host of foreign companies are in talks with the Indian governement for selling B150, a tough, a short-haul plane ideal for connectivity of smaller towns which is lacking in India at present.
- B150 planes have not only low operating costs than competing planes like Cezana but also a much better track record in terms of saftey and efficiency.
- The profit margin of road transport operators in the smal ler towns connected by B150 planes has been reduced substantially as a majority of people prefer air transport over other means of transport.
- Smaller towns, at present, are better connected by roads and railways as compared to flight services.
- B150 planes are capable of operating I sectors where large airlines cannot fly due to challenging conditions such as mist, short runways, etc. Such planes can also double up as cargo planes and charter flights for the rich and the elite.
- B150 planes need to operate in the existing airports which are situated in bigger cities only and are poorly connected to the smaller cities.
Q-8) Which of the statements (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) can be inferred from the facts/information given in the statement? (An inference is something which is not directly stated but can be inferred from the given facts.)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Even (C) can be inferred only probably.
Directions:
Read the following information and the sentences (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) given below it carefully and answer the questions which follow:
A host of foreign companies are in talks with the Indian governement for selling B150, a tough, a short-haul plane ideal for connectivity of smaller towns which is lacking in India at present.
- B150 planes have not only low operating costs than competing planes like Cezana but also a much better track record in terms of saftey and efficiency.
- The profit margin of road transport operators in the smal ler towns connected by B150 planes has been reduced substantially as a majority of people prefer air transport over other means of transport.
- Smaller towns, at present, are better connected by roads and railways as compared to flight services.
- B150 planes are capable of operating I sectors where large airlines cannot fly due to challenging conditions such as mist, short runways, etc. Such planes can also double up as cargo planes and charter flights for the rich and the elite.
- B150 planes need to operate in the existing airports which are situated in bigger cities only and are poorly connected to the smaller cities.
Q-9) Which of the statements (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) would favour the foreign companies bid to sell B150 planes in India?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Takes care of the compability factor and (a) states the advantage over other competing planes.
Q-10) As the information on air warface tasks and stressors was being gathereed and scenarios were being developed, a parallel effort ensued to identify a test bed simulation for air warfare teams. To maintain experimental control it was determined by the designers that choosing a low physical fidelity simulation was acceptable as long as cognitive fidelity in a team simulation was maintained through subjecting soldiers to pressure situations in a simulated combat setting and attempting to ensure that naturalistic decision making of soldiers would not be compromised. Which of the following statements, if true, weakens the logic of the above passage ?
i. A number of studies have shown that high levels of physical stress lead to a weaking of the decision making capabilities of human beings.
ii. It has been convincingly demonstrated by various studies that human beings by nature are not designed to adapt to high levels of mental stress.
iii. Numerious studies have shown that simulated environments can be designed to be good substitutes for real life combat situations.
iv. Studies have shown that simulated exercises for armed forces personnel have tended to induce a systematic type of "correct" and common behaviour among the trainees.
v. Officers, when short listing soldiers for critical operations, pick up battle-hardened soldiers rather than those who have been trained through simulations.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
The theme of the passage says that when soldiers are subjected to high pressure situations even in simulated warfare, their naturalistic decision making capacity/ability is not compromised.
Statement (i) and (ii) clearly negate the above notion. (iv) suggests that individual and naturalistic decision making ability is lost. (v) says that officers believe more in experience of soldiers than simulation based training.
This makes (d) the correct choice.
Q-11) Consider the following statement: The Third World War, if it ever starts, will end very quickly with the possible end of civilization. It is only the misuse of nuclear power which will trigger it. Based on the above statement, which one of the following inferences is correct?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Directions:
Attempt these questions based on the information given against each.
Q-12) "Cases of food-poisoning have been reported from village X. After a dinner party arranged for 100 people, 68 were admitted to the hospital, and 36 were reported to be out of danger. The food, which was cooked and stored in an open space for almost 12 hours, was served after reheating. Investigation is going on." A news report. Which of the following can be hypothesised from the above information?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
It is mentioned that food was stored in open for almost twelve hours hence stale food could have been the reason behind the disaster.
Q-13) The purpose of the proposed law requiring a doctor's prescription for obtaining hypodermic needles is to lower the incidence of drug-related deaths, both accidental and intentional, involving hypodermic needles. But even knitting needles can be lethal if they fall into the wrong hands; yet everyone would agree that imposing legal restrictions on obtaining knitting needles would be preposterous. Hence the proposed law involving hypodermic makes no sense and should not be enacted. Which of the following, it true, would provide most support for the argument above?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
The argument is essentially that the proposed law makes no sense because knitting needles are dangerous as well. The argument relies explicitly on an analogy between hypodermic and knitting needles. Thus, the two must be similar in all respects relevant to the argument.
Otherwise, the argument is unconvincing. (a) affirms that knitting needles are in fact dangerous, thereby affirming the analogy between the two types of needles.
(b) and (c) each in its own way supports the bare assertion that the proposed law might not be effective. However, none of these answer choices affirms the argument's essential reasoning.
(d) actually weakens the argument, by providing a reason why hypodermic needles and knitting needles are not relevantly similar.
Directions:
Attempt these questions based on the information given against each.
Q-14) The purpose of the proposed law requiring a doctor's prescription for obtaining hypodermic needles is to lower the incidence of drug-related deaths, both accidental and intentional, involving hypodermic needles. But even knitting needles can be lethal if they fall into the wrong hands; yet everyone would agree that imposing legal restrictions on obtaining knitting needles would be preposterous. Hence the proposed law involving hypodermic makes no sense and should not be enacted. Which of the following, it true, would provide most support for the argument above?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
The argument is essentially that the proposed law makes no sense because knitting needles are dangerous as well. The argument relies explicitly on an analogy between hypodermic and knitting needles. Thus, the two must be similar in all respects relevant to the argument.
Otherwise, the argument is unconvincing.
(a) affirms that knitting needles are in fact dangerous, thereby affirming the analogy between the two types of needles.
(b) and (c) each in its own way supports the bare assertion that the proposed law might not be effective.
However, none of these answer choices affirms the argument's essential reasoning.
(d) actually weakens the argument, by providing a reason why hypodermic needles and knitting needles are not relevantly similar.
Directions:
Attempt these questions based on the information given against each.
Q-15) "If you want a hassle-free holiday package for city M, then join only our tour. Hurry up; only a few seats available" – An advertisement of XYZ Tourist Company. If the above statement is true then which of the following has been assumed while making the statement?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
The use of word 'hassle-free' suggests that the company assumed that people seek convenience and comfort.
Directions:
Attempt these questions based on the information given against each.
Q-16) The burning of coal, oil and other combustible energy sources produces carbon dioxide, a natural constituent of the atmosphere. Elevated levels of carbon dioxide are thought to be responsible for half the greenhouse effect. Enough carbon dioxide has been sent into the atmosphere already to cause a significant temperature increase. Growth in industrial production must be slowed, or production processes must be changed. Which of the following, if true, would tend to weaken the strength of the above conclusion?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
It is clear from 3rd and 4th sentences of passage.
Directions:
Attempt these questions based on the information given against each.
Q-17) Some people have questioned the judges objectivity in cases of sex discrimination against women. But the record shows that in sixty percent of such cases, the judges have decided in favour of the women. This record demonstrates that the judges have not discriminated against women in cases of sex discrimination against women. The argument above is flawed in that it ignores the possibility that
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
The record that 60% of judges have decided in favour of the women doesn't prove that the judges have not discriminated against women in cases of sex discrimination against women. There might be a possibility that there is a set of judges who are not objective in cases of sex discrimination against women, thus making the record equivalent to 60%. Hence we can say that there are some judges who have discriminated against women in cases of sex discrimination against women
Directions:
Attempt these questions based on the information given against each.
Q-18) Most citizens are very conscientious about observing a law when they can see the reason behind it. For instance, there has been very little need to actively enforce the recently implemented law that increased the penalty for godmen duping people of their money by playing with their emotions. This is because citizens are very conscientious about duping someone in the name of religion, as it leaves their religious gurus with a bad name. Which of the following statements would the author of this passage be most likely to believe?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
The opening sentence provides the cue to solving this problem, which clearly says that the citizens will definitely obey a law if they understand the reason behind its imposition. So the society should make an effort to teach citizens the reasons for its laws.
Directions:
Attempt these questions based on the information given against each.
Q-19) Most citizens are very conscientious about observing a law when they can see the reason behind it. For instance, there has been very little need to actively enforce the recentlyimplemented law that increased the penalty for motorists caught leaving a gas station without paying for gas they had pumped into their vehicles. This is because citizens are very conscientious of the high cost of gasoline and they know that stealing gas will only further increase the price of gasoline for everyone. Which of the following statements would the author of this passage be most likely to believe?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Choice (d) is correct because it neatly summarizes the main theme of the passage. We can instantly eliminate answer choice (a) because the passage never states how the increased penalty affects citizens. Choice (c) is too extreme, and overly negative.
Besides, the overall theme of the passage is positive; the negative tone of choice (b) is out of keeping with it. Answer choice (b) is incorrect because the author stated only that adherence to the law would prevent the price of gasoline from rising further.
He never said that this action would lower gas prices.
Directions:
Attempt these questions based on the information given against each.
Q-20) Szymanski suggests that the problem of racism in football may be present even today. He begins by verifying an earlier hypothesis tha clubs' wage bills explain 90% of their performance. Thus, if players' salaries were to be only based on their abilities, clubs that spend more should finish higher. If there is pay discrimination against some group of playersfewer teams bidding for black players thus lowering the salaries for blacks with the same ability as whites-that neat relation may no longer hold. He concludes that certain clubs seem to have achieved much less than what they could have, by not recruiting black players. Which one of the following findings would best support Szymanski's conclusion?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Infering from the passage (c) supports Szymanski's conclusion because the passage suggests that clubs that had spend more on hiring white players should have finished higher. However, there is pay discrimination. So high pay may not mean good performance.