geomorphology & earth landforms section 8 MCQ Questions & Answers Detailed Explanation

Answer: (a)

A bowl-shaped depression that is at the mouth of a volcano or geyser is called a volcanic crater. These craters are caused by the volcano’s activity. It is a vent.

Answer: (a)

Lakes that form inside calderas (a cauldron-like volcanic feature usually formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption) are called caldera lakes. These lakes form as the created depression is filled by water.

For example, Lake Pinatubo, Philippines, formed after the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo filled the depression with water from monsoon rains.

Answer: (b)

Answer: (d)

The average temperature on Earth is about 61o F (16o C). But temperatures vary greatly around the world depending on the time of year, ocean and wind currents and weather conditions.

Summers tend to be warmer and winters colder. Also, temperatures tend to be higher near the equator and lower near the poles.

Answer: (c)

The underground water of Karst topography carves our impressive channels and caves that are susceptible to collapse from the surface. When enough limestone is eroded from underground, a sinkhole (also called a doline) may develop. Sinkholes are depressions that form when a portion of the lithosphere below is eroded away.

Answer: (c)

Magnitude and Intensity measure different characteristics of earthquakes. Magnitude measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake. Magnitude is determined from measurements on seismographs. Intensity measures the strength of shaking produced by the earthquake at a certain location.

Intensity is determined by its effects on people, human structures, and the natural environment. The Mercalli intensity scale is a seismic scale used for measuring the intensity of an earthquake.

It measures the effects of an earthquake and is distinct from the moment magnitude usually reported for an earthquake (sometimes described as the obsolete Richter magnitude), which is a measure of the energy released. The intensity of an earthquake is not totally determined by its magnitude.