introduction to macro economics section 5 MCQ Questions & Answers Detailed Explanation
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The following question based on Introduction to Macro Economics topic of indian economy mcq
(a) the Diminishing Marginal Returns sets into operation.
(b) the Marginal Revenue Productivity of a factor becomes equal to its reward.
(c) the Marginal Revenue Productivity becomes zero.
(d) the Average Revenue Productivity becomes equal to Marginal Revenue Productivity.
The correct answers to the above question in:
Answer: (b)
According to the Marginal Productivity Theory, the reward or the price of a factor unit depends upon its productivity or its contribution to the total product. While employing a factor, an employer compares the marginal revenue productivity (MRP) of the lost unit and the marginal cost of the factor.
He will employ a factor up to the point where the reward (marginal cost of the factor) paid to the factor equals its MRP.
If MRP is more than the marginal cost, the employer increases its profits by employing more units of the factor; on the other hand, if the marginal cost of the factor is greater than MRP, it will reduce employment to reduce its loss.
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Read more introduction to macro economics Based Indian Economy Questions and Answers
Question : 1
Which of the following costs is related to marginal cost?
a) Prime Cost
b) Fixed Cost
c) Implicit Cost
d) Variable Cost
Answer »Answer: (d)
In economics, marginal cost is the change in the total cost that arises when the quantity produced is incremented by one unit.
That is, it is the cost of producing one more unit of a good. Marginal cost is independent of the fixed cost and depends on the changes in the variable factors.
Since fixed costs do not change with output, there are no marginal fixed costs when output is increased in the short run.
It is only the variable costs that vary with output in the short run. Therefore, the marginal costs are in fact due to the changes in variable costs, and whatever the amount of fixed cost, the marginal cost is unaffected by it.
Question : 2
Who prepared the first estimate of National Income for the country ?
a) Dadabhai Naoroji
b) National Sample Survey Organisation
c) National Income Committee
d) Central Statistical Organisation
Answer »Answer: (a)
Dadabhai Naoroji prepared the first estimates of National income in 1876. He estimated the national income by first estimating the value of agricultural production and then adding a certain percentage as nonagricultural production.
However, such a method can only be called a non-scientific method. The first person to adopt a scientific procedure in estimating the national income was Dr VKRV Rao in 1931.
Question : 3
The equilibrium price of a commodity will definitely rise if there is a/an :
a) decrease in both demand and supply.
b) increase in demand accompanied by a decrease in supply.
c) increase in both demand and supply.
d) increase in supply combined with a decrease in demand.
Answer »Answer: (b)
The price of a commodity is always determined by the forces of demand and supply in the market.
The price at which the amount demanded and the amount supplied are equal is known as ‘equilibrium price.’
The equilibrium price definitely increases when there is an increase in demand combined with a decrease in supply.
Question : 4
Economic profit or normal profit is the same as :
a) maximum profit
b) net profit
c) accounting profile
d) optimum profit
Answer »Answer: (b)
Normal profit or economic profit is an economic condition occurring when the difference between a firm’s total revenue and the total cost is equal to zero. Simply put, normal profit is the minimum level of profit needed for a company to remain competitive in the market.
In a sense, normal profit is the same as net profit which is calculated by subtracting a company’s total expenses from total revenue, thus showing what the company has earned (or lost) in a given period of time.
Accounting profit occurs when revenues are greater than costs, and not equal, as in the case of normal profit.
Question : 5
The sum total of incomes received for the services of labour, land or capital in a country is called :
a) Gross domestic income
b) Gross national income
c) National income
d) Gross domestic product
Answer »Answer: (a)
The Gross Domestic Income (GDI) is the total income received by all sectors of an economy within a nation. It includes the sum of all wages, profits, and taxes, minus subsidies.
Since all income is derived from production (including the production of services), the gross domestic income of a country should exactly equal its gross domestic product (GDP).
Question : 6
‘Personal Income’ equals
a) Personal disposable income plus miscellaneous receipts of the Goverment
b) All of the above
c) Private income minus savings of the corporate sector minus corporation tax
d) The household sector’s income
Answer »Answer: (a)
Disposable income is total personal income minus personal current taxes (or plus receipts of the government).
In national accounts, definitions, personal income, minus personal current taxes equals disposable personal income. Subtracting personal outlays (which includes the major category of personal (or, private) consumption expenditure) yields personal (or, private) savings
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