inclusive growth, sustainable development & employment section 3 MCQ Questions & Answers Detailed Explanation

Answer: (a)

The UNIVAC computer was the first commercially available computer invented by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.

As well as being the first American commercial computer, the UNIVAC I was the first American computer designed at the outset for business and administrative use (i.e., for the fast execution of large numbers of relatively simple arithmetic and data transport operations, as opposed to the complex numerical calculations required by scientific computers).

As such the UNIVAC competed directly against punch-card machines (mainly made by IBM).

Answer: (d)

Rostow’s ‘Stages of Economic Growth’ (1960) presented five stages through which all countries must pass to become developed:

1. traditional society,
2. preconditions to take-off,
3. take-off,
4. drive to maturity, and
5. age of high mass consumption.

Take-off is the short period of intensive growth, in which industrialization begins to occur, and workers and institutions become concentrated around a new industry.

Answer: (d)

Employment and Unemployment Surveys (EUS) conducted by NSSO were the primary source of labour market data at the National and State levels in India. Regular EUS were conducted quinquennially (after every five years) since 1972.

Considering the importance of the availability of labour force data at more frequent intervals, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation constituted a committee on Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS).

Now, National Statistics Office (NSO) is conducting PLFS to produce annual statistics of employment and unemployment characteristics for both rural and urban areas, along with quarterly estimates for urban areas. The first annual report based on the data collected in PLFS during July 2017- June 2018 was published in May 2019.

As per the PLFS 2017-18, 6.1% of India’s labour force are unemployed.

The PLFS was designed with two major objectives for the measurement of employment and unemployment.

The first was to measure the dynamics in labour force participation and employment status in the short time interval of three months for only the urban areas.

The second was for both rural and urban areas, to measure the labour force estimates on key parameters on an annual basis such as labour force participation rate, worker population ratio etc.

Answer: (d)

Answer: (d)

The Government's objective of inclusive growth can be furthered by promoting self-help groups, promoting micro, small and medium enterprises and implementing the right to education.

This will improve employment opportunities, increase GDP etc.

Answer: (d)

Inclusive growth is a concept that involves the equitable allocation of resources during the process of economic growth with benefits incurred by every section of society.

Inclusive growth necessitates the development of infrastructural facilities, the revival of agriculture and also increases the availability of social services such as education and health.