world organisations section 3 MCQ Questions & Answers Detailed Explanation

Answer: (a)

New money is created by the central bank of a country. A central bank may introduce new money into the economy (termed ‘expansionary monetary policy’) by purchasing financial assets or lending money to financial institutions.

Also, in a broader sense, it could be said that commercial banks introduce new money by multiplying base money created by the central bank through fractional reserve banking; this expands the amount of broad money (i.e. cash plus demand deposits) in the economy.

Answer: (c)

Mrs Mary Robinson became the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on 12 September 1997, following her nomination to the post by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan and the endorsement of the General Assembly.

She assumed responsibility for the UN human rights pro- gramme at the time when the Office of the High Commissioner and the Centre for Human Rights were consolidated into a single Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).

Mrs Robinson came to the United Nations after a distinguished, seven-year tenure as President of Ireland. Mrs Robinson was the first Head of State to visit Rwanda in the aftermath of the 1994 genocide there.

Note: Prince Zeid bin Ra’ad Zeid al-Hussein is the current United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, having taken up this post in September 2014.

Answer: (d)

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the principal organs of the United Nations and is charged with the maintenance of international peace and security.

Its powers, outlined in the United Nations Charter, include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action. Its powers are exercised through United Nations Security Council resolutions.

There are 15 members of the Security Council, consisting of five veto-wielding permanent members—China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States—based on the great powers that were the victors of World War II, and 10 elected non-permanent members with two-year terms. This basic structure is set out in Chapter V of the UN Charter.

Security Council members must always be present at UN headquarters in New York so that the Security Council can meet at any time.

This requirement of the United Nations Charter was adopted to address a weakness of the League since that organization was often unable to respond quickly to a crisis.

Answer: (c)

Term of non-permanent members in the Security Council is two-years.

Answer: (a)

There are 5 veto-wielding permanent members in the United Nations Security Council—China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States— based on the great powers that were the victors of World War II.

Answer: (d)

The Security Council is made up of 15 member states, consisting of 5 permanent members–

1. China,
2. France,
3. Russia,
4. the United Kingdom and
5. the United States–and

10 non-permanent members, currently

1. Azerbaijan,
2. India,
3. South Africa,
4. Colombia,
5. Morocco,
6. Togo,
7. Germany,
8. Pakistan,
9. Guatemala, and
10. Portugal.

The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue. It contains multiple subsidiary organizations to carry out its missions.

The United Nations Headquarters resides in international territory in New York City, with further main offices at Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna.

The organization is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states and has six official languages:

1. Arabic,
2. Chinese,
3. English,
4. French,
5. Russian, and
6. Spanish.