world organisations section 3 MCQ Questions & Answers Detailed Explanation

Answer: (c)

The World Economic Outlook (WEO) is a survey conducted and published by the International Monetary Fund. It is published biannually and partly updated two times a year. It portrays the world economy in the near and medium context, with projections for up to four years into the future.

Answer: (a)

New money is created by the central bank of a country. A central bank may introduce new money into the economy (termed ‘expansionary monetary policy’) by purchasing financial assets or lending money to financial institutions.

Also, in a broader sense, it could be said that commercial banks introduce new money by multiplying base money created by the central bank through fractional reserve banking; this expands the amount of broad money (i.e. cash plus demand deposits) in the economy.

Answer: (c)

Mrs Mary Robinson became the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on 12 September 1997, following her nomination to the post by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan and the endorsement of the General Assembly.

She assumed responsibility for the UN human rights pro- gramme at the time when the Office of the High Commissioner and the Centre for Human Rights were consolidated into a single Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).

Mrs Robinson came to the United Nations after a distinguished, seven-year tenure as President of Ireland. Mrs Robinson was the first Head of State to visit Rwanda in the aftermath of the 1994 genocide there.

Note: Prince Zeid bin Ra’ad Zeid al-Hussein is the current United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, having taken up this post in September 2014.

Answer: (a)

There are 5 veto-wielding permanent members in the United Nations Security Council—China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States— based on the great powers that were the victors of World War II.

Answer: (d)

The Security Council is made up of 15 member states, consisting of 5 permanent members–

1. China,
2. France,
3. Russia,
4. the United Kingdom and
5. the United States–and

10 non-permanent members, currently

1. Azerbaijan,
2. India,
3. South Africa,
4. Colombia,
5. Morocco,
6. Togo,
7. Germany,
8. Pakistan,
9. Guatemala, and
10. Portugal.

The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue. It contains multiple subsidiary organizations to carry out its missions.

The United Nations Headquarters resides in international territory in New York City, with further main offices at Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna.

The organization is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states and has six official languages:

1. Arabic,
2. Chinese,
3. English,
4. French,
5. Russian, and
6. Spanish.

Answer: (a)

Secretaries-General serve for five-year terms that can be renewed indefinitely, although none so far has held office for more than two terms. The United Nations Charter provides for the Secretary-General to be appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

As a result, the selection is subject to the veto of any of the five permanent members of the Security Council. While the appointment and approval process of the Secretary-General is outlined in the UN Charter, specific guidelines have emerged regarding the term limits and selection process.

These include a limit to two five-year terms, regional (continental) rotation of the appointee’s national origin, and the appointee may not be a citizen of any of the Security Council’s five permanent members.

Note: Article 97 of the United Nations Charter determines that the Secretary-General is “appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.”

As the recommendation must come from the Security Council, any of the five permanent members of the Council can veto a nomination.

António Guterres is a Portuguese politician and diplomat who is serving as the ninth Secretary-General of the United Nations. Previously, he was the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees between 2005 and 2015.