SBI clerk prelims 22 Feb 2020 - Category wise Question and Answer Practice Test with Solutions & PDF

SBI clerk PRACTICE TEST [2 - EXERCISES]

SBI clerk prelims 2019

SBI clerk prelims 22 Feb 2020

Directions:

Read the given passage carefully and answer the following questions. Certain parts have been highlighted to help answer the questions.

Every year, around one million people die of mosquito-borne diseases according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This is why mosquitoes are considered one of the deadliest living creatures on the planet — not because they are lethal themselves, but because many of the viruses and parasites they transmit are.

In the absence of an effective vaccine for dengue fever, Zika fever, chikungunya and other mosquito-borne diseases, researchers have developed genetic strategies to reduce mosquito populations. One such strategy involves the release into the wild of genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes that express a lethal gene — a strategy believed to have little impact on the overall DNA of wild populations of mosquitoes. The transfer of new genes from GM organisms to wild or domesticated non-GM populations is a key criticism of GM crops like soybean and corn. There are concerns that the introduction of GM genes into non-target species could have negative consequences for both human and environmental health. Oxitec, a company that spun out of research at Oxford University in the early 2000s, developed and trademarked GM Friendly™ mosquitoes (also known as strain OX513A of Aedes aegypti). These male GM mosquitoes have what the company describes as a "self-limiting" gene, which means that when these socalled friendly mosquitoes' mate, their offspring inherit the self-limiting gene which is supposed to prevent them surviving into adulthood.

In theory, when these mosquitoes are released in high numbers, a dramatic reduction in the mosquito population should follow. According to research published by Oxitec researchers in 2015, field trials involving recurring releases of Friendly™ mosquitoes demonstrated a reduction of nearly 95 per cent of target populations in Brazil. In these field trials, experiments were not performed to assess whether GM mosquitoes might persist in the wild.

A recent study from the Powell lab at Yale University has since confirmed that some of the offspring of the GM mosquitoes didn't succumb to the self-limiting lethal gene and survived to adulthood. They were able to breed with native mosquitoes and thereby introduce some of their genes into the wild population. Meanwhile, the impact of mosquitoes carrying these new genes remains largely unknown. One significant worry is that a new breed of mosquito might emerge that is more difficult to control. These new genes could also potentially alter evolutionary pressures on viruses carried by mosquitoes, like dengue fever, in unpredictable ways. This includes potentially increasing their virulence or changing their host-insect interactions. These are hypothetical risks that have been raised by scientists, and reflect the need for further study.

[S.B.I. (CLERK) 2020]

Question : 1 [sbi-clerk-prelims-2020]

Why are mosquitoes considered as one of the deadliest living creatures on earth?

a) Capability to transmit life threatening diseases.

b) Mosquito bites cause fatal reactions in human beings

c) Mosquitoes cannot be killed easily

d) Both (a) and (c)

e) None of the above

Answer: (a)

Reading the first paragraph of the passage it can be deduced that the correct answer is an option(a).

The relevant sentences of the mentioned sentences have been quoted below:

“This is why mosquitoes are considered one of the deadliest living creatures on the planet — not because they are lethal themselves, but because many of the viruses and parasites they transmit are.”

Question : 2 [sbi-clerk-prelims-2020]

What is one of the methods being developed to control the population of mosquitoes?

a) Spraying of pesticides using established procedures.

b) Introduction of a lethal gene into wild populations of mosquitoes using genetically modified ones.

c) Not letting any stagnant water build-up near homes

d) Both (a) and (b)

e) None of the above

Answer: (b)

Reading the second paragraph of the passage it can be deduced that the correct answer is option(b).

The sentences of the passage which substantiate this are given below: “One such strategy involves the release into the wild of genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes that express a lethal gene — a strategy believed to have little impact on the overall DNA of wild populations of mosquitoes.”

Question : 3 [sbi-clerk-prelims-2020]

What can be the potential side effect(s) of genetically modified mosquito offspring?

a) Evolution of a breed of mosquitoes which are more difficult to control

b) Increase in the severity of diseases being currently transmitted by mosquitoes.

c) Change in host-insect interactions.

d) Loss of natural populations of mosquitoes

e) (a), (b) and (c)

Answer: (e)

Reading the last paragraph of the passage it can be deduced that the correct answer is option(e).

The relevant sentences of the mentioned sentences have been quoted below: “One significant worry is that a new breed of mosquito might emerge that is more difficult to control. These new genes could also potentially alter evolutionary pressures on viruses carried by mosquitoes, like dengue fever, in unpredictable ways.

This includes potentially increasing their virulence or changing their host-insect interactions.”

Question : 4 [sbi-clerk-prelims-2020]

 Which of the statements can be considered as true with respect to the passage given?

a)  Field trials on Genetically modified mosquitoes showed a reduction of 96% target populations.

b)  Oxitec trademarked the GM Friendly mosquitoes in 2015.

c)  The female GM mosquito has a self-limiting gene

d)  Both (a) and (b)

e)  None of the above

 Answer: (e)

Reading the passage carefully we can see that none of the sentences given above is factually correct hence the correct answer will be option (e).

Question : 5 [sbi-clerk-prelims-2020]

What is the desired effect of releasing GM mosquitoes containing the ‘Self-limiting Gene’?

a) A substantial reduction in the population of mosquitoes.

b) Birth of mosquitoes without a biting mechanism

c) Decrease in the number of diseases caused due to mosquitoes

d) Increase in the number of male mosquitoes.

e) Both (b) and (c)

Answer: (a)

Reading the fourth and fifth parts of the passage it can be deduced that a correct answer is an option(a).

The relevant sentences of the mentioned sentences have been quoted below: “These male GM mosquitoes have what the company describes as a “self-limiting” gene, which means that when these so-called friendly mosquitoes’ mate, their offspring inherit the self-limiting gene which is supposed to prevent them surviving into adulthood In theory when these mosquitoes are released in high numbers, a dramatic reduction in the mosquito population should follow.”

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