Practice Quiz set 4 - indian polity mcq Online Quiz (set-1) For All Competitive Exams

The US Constitution provides for the due process of law. It gives wide scope to the courts to grant protection to the rights of the citizen. The concept of PIL, which originated in the US, gives more leverage to our courts to protect rights of its citizens but following procedure established by law.

The Federal Court of India was a judicial body, established in India in 1937 under the provisions of the Government of India Act 1935, with original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. It functioned until 1950, when the Supreme Court of India was established. The seat of the Federal Court was at Delhi. There was a right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London from the Federal Court of India. The Federal Court came into being on 1 October 1937.

All Judges of Supreme Court are appointed by the President of India. Supreme Court Judges retire at the age of 65. A judge of Supreme Court can be removed by the procedure prescribed in Article 124(4) of constitution of India on ground of proved misconduct or incapacity or judge resigning from his office.

P.N. Bhagwati was the chief justice of India when public interest Litigation (PIL) was introduced to the Indian judicial system. The concept of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is in consonance with the principles enshrined in Article 39A of the Constitution of India to protect and deliver prompt social justice with the help of law. Justice P. N. Bhagwati and Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer were among the first judges to admit PILs in court.

M. Hidayatullah - 11th chief Justice of India. He also served as Vice President and acting President of India.

A.M. Ahmadi - 26th Chief Justice of India. Ex vice chancellor of AMU (1994-1997).

A.S. Anand - 29th Chief Justice of India (1998-2001).

Supreme Court Judges retire at the age of 65. A judge of Supreme Court can be removed from office only through the process of impeachment.

Subsequent to the rulings in the Three Judges Cases (1982, 1993, 1998), the President has to appoint judges who have been chosen by the Supreme Court’s collegium — a closed group comprising the Chief Justice of India and the four senior-most associate judges of the court.

Note: It is the President that administers the oath to the Chief Justice of India.

In the absence of the President, the Vice President can administer the oath to CJI. Recently, Justice JS Khehar was sworn in as the 44th Chief Justice of India

The Supreme Court is the highest court in India and has ultimate judicial authority to interpret the Constitution and decide questions of national law (including local bylaws). It is also vested with the power of judicial review to ensure the application of the rule of law.

Besides, as provided in the Keshavananda Bharti case (1973), though parliament has the power to alter or amend any part of the constitution, the Supreme Court has the final authority whether amendment violates or infringes upon the basic structure of the constitution.

In the verdict of Minerva Mills Vs. Union of India case, supreme court has nullified parliament’s effort to establish preference of all the directive principles of state policy over Fundamental Rights.